History of Portugal (1834-1910)
| Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves |
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| Reino de Portugal e dos Algarves | ||||||||||
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Anthem Hino da Carta "Anthem of the Charter" |
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| Capital | Lisbon | |||||||||
| Languages | Portuguese | |||||||||
| Religion | Roman Catholic | |||||||||
| Government | Constitutional Monarchy | |||||||||
| King | ||||||||||
| • | 1834-1853 | Maria II and Fernando II (first) | ||||||||
| • | 1908–1910 | Manuel II (last) | ||||||||
| Prime Minister | ||||||||||
| • | 1834–1835 | Pedro de Holstein (first) | ||||||||
| • | 1910 | António Teixeira (last) | ||||||||
| Legislature | Cortes | |||||||||
| • | Upper house | Chamber of Peers | ||||||||
| • | Lower house | Chamber of Deputies | ||||||||
| History | ||||||||||
| • | Liberal Wars | 26 July 1834 | ||||||||
| • | Lisbon Regicide | 1 February 1908 | ||||||||
| • | Revolution of 1910 | 5 October 1910 | ||||||||
| Area | ||||||||||
| • | 1910 (metro) | 92,391 km² (35,672 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Population | ||||||||||
| • | 1910 (metro) est. | 5,969,056 | ||||||||
| Density | 64.6 /km² (167.3 /sq mi) | |||||||||
| Currency | Portuguese real | |||||||||
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The Kingdom of Portugal under the House of Braganza was a constitutional monarchy from the end of the Liberal Civil War in 1834 to the Republican Revolution of 1910.
The initial turmoil of coups d'état perpetrated by the victorious generals of the Civil War was followed by an unstable parliamentary system of governmental "rotation" marked by the growth of the Portuguese Republican Party. This was caused mainly by the inefficiency of the monarchic governments as well as the monarchs' apparent lack of interest in governing the country, aggravated by the British ultimatum for the abandonment of the Portuguese "pink map" project that united Portuguese West Africa and Portuguese East Africa (today's Angola and Mozambique).
The situation culminated in a dictatorship-like government imposed by King Carlos I, in the person of João Franco, followed by the king's assassination in the Lisbon regicide of 1908 and the revolution of 1910.
The post-Civil War period of the constitutional monarchy saw the rise of competing manifestations of liberal ideology and their adherents. Gastão Pereira de Sande, Count of Taipa, then one of the oppositionists (commonly referred to as "radicals"), described the government as a "gang made up to devour the country under the shadow of a child" (a figure of speech wherein the "child" represented the young Queen, Maria II of Portugal). This was one of the earliest references to Devorismo (Devourism), i.e., the corrupt practice of using the public treasury to enrich oneself or to benefit another.
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