Ditadura Nacional
| Portuguese Republic | ||||||||||
| República Portuguesa | ||||||||||
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Anthem A Portuguesa (Portuguese) The Portuguese |
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 The Portuguese Empire during the 20th century.
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| Capital | Lisbon | |||||||||
| Languages | Portuguese | |||||||||
| Government | Military dictatorship | |||||||||
| President | ||||||||||
| • | 1926 | José Mendes Cabeçadas | ||||||||
| • | 1926–1933 | Óscar Carmona | ||||||||
| Prime Minister | ||||||||||
| • | 1926 | José Mendes Cabeçadas | ||||||||
| • | 1930–1932 | Domingos Oliveira | ||||||||
| Historical era | Interwar period | |||||||||
| • | Established | 29 May 1926 | ||||||||
| • | Disestablished | 19 March 1933 | ||||||||
| Area | ||||||||||
| • | 1930 | 92,391 km² (35,672 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Population | ||||||||||
| • | 1930 est. | 6,825,883 | ||||||||
| Density | 73.9 /km² (191.3 /sq mi) | |||||||||
| Currency | Escudo | |||||||||
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The Ditadura Nacional (Portuguese pronunciation: [ditɐˈðuɾɐ nɐsiuˈnaɫ], National Dictatorship) was the name of the Portuguese regime that started in 1928 after re-election of General Óscar Carmona to the post of President.
The preceding military dictatorship period that started after the 28th May 1926 coup d'état, is known as Ditadura Militar (Military Dictatorship). After adopting a new constitution in 1933, the regime changed its name to Estado Novo (New State).
It is considered that the Ditadura Nacional, together with the Estado Novo, forms the historical period of the Portuguese Second Republic (1926-1974).
The military coup of May 28 easily seized power. Very soon dictatorship closes Parliament, bans all political parties and institutes censorship but is rocked by instability as hardline officers force out liberals. During this time no one clear leader emerges, as dictatorship is controlled by a coalition of lower-rank military officers, some of whom are Integralists.
After republican Prime minister and President resign on May 30, naval officer José Mendes Cabeçadas Júnior assumes both posts, but after conflicts with other coup leaders is forced to resign on June 17. He is followed by General Gomes da Costa, who assumed post of Prime minister and President. The figurehead general does not want to establish a military dictatorship and is forced out on July 9 by General António Óscar de Fragoso Carmona who assumes both highest offices of the state. Carmona continues as Prime minister until April 18, 1928 and retains the post of President until his death on April 18, 1951. During 1927 there are failed coup attempts from the left and right wing movements. On August 12, 1927 junior officers break into cabinet meeting and start shooting. Carmona government regains control and imposes stronger military discipline, however, the attackers are not punished, they are sent to army posts in Portuguese Angola.
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