António Óscar Carmona
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His Excellency Óscar Carmona BTO ComC GCA ComSE |
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Óscar Carmona by Henrique Medina
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| 11th President of Portugal | |
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In office 29 November 1926 – 18 April 1951 |
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| Prime Minister |
José Vicente de Freitas Artur Ivens Ferraz Domingos Oliveira António de Oliveira Salazar |
| Preceded by | Manuel Gomes da Costa |
| Succeeded by | Francisco Craveiro Lopes |
| 96th Prime Minister of Portugal | |
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In office 9 July 1926 – 18 April 1928 |
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| Deputy | Abílio Passos e Sousa |
| Preceded by | Manuel Gomes da Costa |
| Succeeded by | José Vicente de Freitas |
| Minister for Foreign Affairs | |
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In office 4 September 1926 – 24 September 1926 |
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| Preceded by | Bettencourt Rodrigues |
| Succeeded by | Bettencourt Rodrigues |
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In office 3 June 1926 – 6 July 1926 |
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| Prime Minister |
José Mendes Cabeçadas Manuel Gomes da Costa |
| Preceded by | Armando da Gama Ochoa |
| Succeeded by | Martinho Nobre de Melo |
| Minister of War | |
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In office 9 July 1926 – 16 November 1926 |
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| Preceded by | Manuel Gomes da Costa |
| Succeeded by | Abílio Passos e Sousa |
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In office 15 November 1923 – 18 December 1923 |
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| Prime Minister | António Ginestal Machado |
| Preceded by | António Maria da Silva |
| Succeeded by | António Ribeiro de Carvalho |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
António Óscar Fragoso Carmona 24 November 1869 Lisbon, Kingdom of Portugal |
| Died | 18 April 1951 (aged 81) Lisbon, Portuguese Republic |
| Political party | Independent (before 1932) National Union (1932–1951) |
| Spouse(s) | Maria do Carmo da Silva |
| Children | Cesaltina Amélia António Adérito Maria Inês |
| Alma mater | Portuguese Military Academy |
| Profession | Army officer |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
| Awards |
Order of Christ Order of Aviz Order of St. James of the Sword |
| Military service | |
| Service/branch | Portuguese Army |
| Years of service | 1889–1951 |
| Rank | Marshal |
| Commands | Portuguese Army 4th Division (1922–1925) |
António Óscar Fragoso Carmona, BTO, ComC, GCA, ComSE, (often called António Óscar de Fragoso Carmona, Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐ̃ˈtɔniu ˈɔʃkaɾ fɾɐˈɡozu kaɾˈmonɐ]; 24 November 1869 – 18 April 1951) was the 11th President of Portugal (1926–1951), having been Minister of War in 1923.
Carmona was a republican and a freemason, and was a quick adherent to the proclamation of the Portuguese First Republic on 5 October 1910. He was, however, never a sympathizer of the democratic form of government and – as he would later confess in an interview to António Ferro – he only voted for the first time at the National Plebiscite of 1933. During the First Republic, he briefly served as War Minister in the government of António Ginestal Machado in 1923. Unlike the popular marshal Gomes da Costa, Carmona had not seen action in World War I.
Carmona was very active in the 28th May coup d'état of 1926 that overthrew the First Republic. The first Council President, commandant José Mendes Cabeçadas, a democratic sympathizer supported by the last republican president, Bernardino Machado, was succeeded in June by Manuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa. Carmona, who had been the Minister for Foreign Affairs between 3 June and 6 July, was the leader of the most conservative and anti-democratic wing of the military regime, which considered the not openly anti-democratic Gomes da Costa a liability. On 9 July, he led a countercoup together with general João José Sinel de Cordes, named himself President, and immediately assumed dictatorial powers. He was formally elected to the office in 1928, as the only candidate.
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