North Peru
| Republic of North Peru | ||||||||||
| República Nor-Peruana | ||||||||||
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 North Peru within the Confederation
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| Capital | Lima | |||||||||
| Government | Republic | |||||||||
| President | ||||||||||
| • | 1837-1838 | Luis Orbegoso | ||||||||
| • | 1838-1839 | José de la Riva Agüero | ||||||||
| History | ||||||||||
| • | Established | August 11, 1836 | ||||||||
| • | Disestablished | August 25, 1839 | ||||||||
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| Today part of |
 Peru Ecuador Colombia Brazil
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The Republic of North Peru was one of the three constituent Republics of the short-lived Peru–Bolivian Confederation of 1836–39.
North Peru was formed from the division of the Republic of Peru into the Republic of North Peru and the Republic of South Peru. These two Republics were founded in 1836 to be (with the Republic of Bolivia) constituent Republics of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation.
The Confederation came to an end three years later after being defeated by Chile in the War of the Confederation. In August 1839, Agustín Gamarra declared the Confederation dissolved; as a result South Peru and North Peru reverted to being a unified Republic of Peru.
The Peru–Bolivian Confederation was a plan that attempted to reunite the Alto Perú ("Upper Peru", now Bolivia) and Bajo Perú ("Lower Peru", now simply Peru) into a single political and economic entity. Marshal Andrés de Santa Cruz promoted an ambitious project to reunite this two territories on the basis of a confederacy. This integration was based not only on historical, cultural and ethnic reasons, but also on sound economic motives. The union was trying to restore the ancient commercial routes and promote a policy of open markets.
As President of Bolivia, Santa Cruz instigated several failed plots to achieve a political union with Peru, taking advantage of that country's chronic political unrest. His best opportunity came in 1835 when the Peruvian President General Luis Orbegoso requested his assistance to fight the rebel armies of Generals Agustín Gamarra and Felipe Santiago Salaverry. Santa Cruz defeated Peruvian caudillo Gamarra at the Battle of Yanacocha on 13 August 1835 and Salaverry at the Battle of Socabaya on 7 February 1836.
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