Andrés de Santa Cruz
| Andrés de Santa Cruz | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| 7th President of Peru | |
|
In office 27 January 1827 – 9 June 1827 |
|
| Preceded by | Simón Bolívar |
| Succeeded by | Manuel Salazar y Baquíjano |
| Interim President of Peru | |
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In office 11 August 1836 – 25 August 1838 |
|
| Preceded by | Felipe Santiago Salaverry |
| Succeeded by | Agustín Gamarra |
| Supreme Protector of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation | |
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In office 28 October 1836 – 20 February 1839 |
|
| 7th President of Bolivia | |
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In office 24 May 1829 – 20 February 1839 |
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| Vice President |
José Miguel de Velasco (1829–35) Mariano Enrique Calvo (1835–39) |
| Preceded by | José Miguel de Velasco |
| Succeeded by | José Miguel de Velasco |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
December 5, 1792 Huarina, Upper Peru, Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata |
| Died | September 25, 1865 (aged 72) Beauvoir, France |
| Spouse(s) | Francisca Cernadas |
Andrés de Santa Cruz y Calahumana (December 5, 1792, Huarina, Bolivia – September 25, 1865, Beauvoir, France) served as the seventh President of Peru during 1827, the Interim President of Peru from 1836 to 1838 and President of Bolivia (1829–39). He also served as Supreme Protector of the short-lived Peru-Bolivian Confederation (1836–39), a political entity created mainly by his personal endeavors.
Santa Cruz was born on December 5, 1792 in the village of Huarina, close to La Paz, which at that time had been recently transferred from the Viceroyalty of Peru to the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata. His father was José Santa Cruz y Villavicencio, a Spaniard, and his mother Juana Basilia Calahumana, an Indian and cacique of the town of Huarina. In later years, Andrés de Santa Cruz would claim that through his mother, he descended directly from Inca rulers. He began his studies in his hometown at the San Francisco Convent, and continued them at the San Antonio Abad Seminary in the city of Cuzco. In 1809 he left the seminary and returned to La Paz.
After Santa Cruz's return home, his father enrolled him as an alférez in the Dragones de Apolobamba Regiment of the Spanish Army. As such, he participated in the battles of Guaqui (July 20, 1811), Vilcapugio (October 1, 1813) and Ayohuma (November 14, 1813). The latter resulted in the defeat of the Argentine Independentist forces attempting to liberate the Upper Peru (modern day Bolivia) from Spanish rule. Santa Cruz also took part in the Spanish colonial campaigns to suppress the insurrection of Mateo Pumacahua (1814–15), further demonstrating his loyalty to the Spanish Crown. His luck ran out at the Battle of La Tablada (April 15, 1817), where he was captured and taken as prisoner of war to Buenos Aires. He managed to escape, first to Rio de Janeiro and then to Lima. As a reward, he was named Commander of Chorrillos.
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Wikipedia