Nanyue

Nanyue Namzyied Nam Việt
南越
204 BC–111 BC
Location of Nanyue at its greatest extent
Capital		Panyu
Languages		Old Chinese Baiyue (Ancient Yue)
Government		Monarchy
Emperor or King
•	204–137 BC	Zhao Tuo
•	137–122 BC	Zhao Mo
•	122–113 BC	Zhao Yingqi
•	113–112 BC	Zhao Xing
•	112–111 BC	Zhao Jiande
Prime Minister
•	? –111 BC	Lü Jia (呂嘉)
History
•	Qin "War of Pacification"	218 BC
•	Establishment	204 BC
•	First tribute to Han dynasty	196 BC
•	Zhao Tuo accession	183 BC
•	Conquest of Âu Lạc	179 BC
•	Second tribute to Han dynasty	179 BC
•	Han-Nanyue War	111 BC
Population
•	111 BC est.	1,302,805
Preceded by Succeeded by Qin dynasty An Dương Vương Western Han dynasty First Chinese domination of Vietnam

Nanyue (Chinese: ) or Zhuang: Namzyied, or Nam Viet (Vietnamese: Nam Việt) was an ancient kingdom that covered parts of northern Vietnam and the modern Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, and Yunnan. Nanyue was established in 204 BC at the collapse of the Qin dynasty by Zhao Tuo, then Commander of Nanhai. At first, it consisted of the commanderies Nanhai, Guilin, and Xiang.

In 196 BC, Zhao Tuo paid obeisance to the Emperor Gaozu of Han, and Nanyue was referred to by Han leaders as a "foreign servant", synecdoche for a vassal state. Around 183 BC, relations between the Nanyue and the Han dynasty soured, and Zhao Tuo began to refer to himself as an emperor, suggesting Nanyue's sovereignty. In 179 BC, relations between the Han and Nanyue improved, and Zhao Tuo once again made submission, this time to Emperor Wen of Han as an subject state. The submission was somewhat superficial, as Nanyue retained autonomy from the Han, and Zhao Tuo was referred to as "Emperor" throughout Nanyue until his death. In 113 BC, fourth-generation leader Zhao Xing sought to have Nanyue formally included as part of the Han Empire. His prime minister Lü Jia objected vehemently and subsequently killed Zhao Xing, installing his elder brother Zhao Jiande on the throne and forcing a confrontation with the Han dynasty. The next year, Emperor Wu of Han sent 100,000 troops to war against Nanyue. By the year's end, the army had destroyed Nanyue and established Han rule. The kingdom lasted 93 years and had five generations of kings.