Murshid Quli Khan

Murshid Quli Khan
Nawab Nazim of Bengal, Bihar and Odisha Zafar Khan (Bengali: জাফর খান Urdu:ظفر خان) Murshid Quli Nawab of Murshidabad
Nawab of Bengal
Reign	1717– 30 June 1727
Predecessor	Mughal Empire
Successor	Sarfaraz Khan
Spouse(s)	Nasiri Banu Begum
Full name Murshid Quli Khan
Born	c. 1660 Deccan Plateau
Died	30 June 1727 Murshidabad (present day in West Bengal, India)
Buried	Katra Masjid, Murshidabad, India
Religion	Shia Islam

Murshid Quli Khan, also known as Mohammad Hadi was the first Nawab of Bengal, serving in the post from 1717 to 30 June 1727.

Born as a Hindu Brahmin in the Deccan Plateau in c. 1670, Quli Khan was bought by Mughal noble Haji Shafi. After his death, he worked under the Divan of Vidarbha, during which he got the attention of Aurangzeb, who sent him to Bengal as the Divan c. 1700. However he entered into a bloody conflict with the province's subahdar, Azim-us-Shan. After Aurangzeb's death, he was transferred to the Deccan Plateau by Azim-us-Shan's father and the then Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah I in 1707. But he was brought back as deputy subahdar in 1710. In 1717, he was appointed as the Nawab Nazim of Murshidabad by Farrukhsiyar. During his reign, he changed the jagirdari system with the mal jasmani which would later transform into zamindari system. He also continued sending revenues from the state to the Mughal empire. He built the Katra Masjid at Murshidabad where he was buried under the steps of stairs when he died on 30 June 1727. He was succeeded by his grandson Sarfaraz Khan.

According to Sir Jadunath Sarkar, he was originally a Hindu Brahmin who was born in Deccan in c. 1670. The book Ma'asir al-umara echoes the same fact. According to Calcutta University professor Sushil Chowdhury, he was bought by a Persian man named Haji Shafi when he was approximately ten years old, who circumcised him and was raised with the name Mohammad Hadi. In c. 1690 Shafi left his position in the Mughal court and returned to Persia, where he was accompanied by Quli Khan. After his death around five years later, he returned to India and worked under Abdullah Khurasani, the Diwan of Vidarbha in the Mughal empire. Due to his expertise in the matter, he was noticed by the then Mughal emperor Aurangzeb.