Mount Tendürek

Tendürek
Tendürek seen from space
Highest point
Elevation	3,584 m (11,759 ft)
Coordinates	39°22′N 43°52′E / 39.37°N 43.87°E / 39.37; 43.87
Geography
Location	Ağrı and Van provinces, Turkey
Parent range	Armenian Highlands
Geology
Mountain type	Shield volcano
Last eruption	1855

Tendürek (Turkish: Tendürek Dağı, Armenian: Թոնդրակ, Tondrak) is a shield volcano located in the Ağrı and Van provinces of eastern Turkey, close to the borders with Iran. The elongated volcano rises 1,800 m (5,906 ft) above the Doğubeyazıt plain, south of Mount Ararat. Two main cones with a crater each and several minor lateral cones form the edifice. The edifice dates 700,000–500,000 years BP to 13,000 BP and is mostly constructed from basaltic lavas, with some pyroclastics and trachytic/trachyandesitic lavas. It has a volume of more than 300 km³ and covers a surface area of about 650 km². Pyroclastic cones with basaltic lava flows on the eastern side of the mountain are around 2,500 years old. The last known eruption may have been a gas and ash eruption in 1855, and hydrothermal systems exist on the volcano. Since 1993, the volcano has been subsiding in a ring fault. The Armenian name for the mountain was Tondrak; the area around the mountain was the birthplace of the medieval Armenian Tondrakite Movement of the 950s, which based its ideology on Paulician teaching.