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Mohammed Reza Pahlavi

Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Aʿlāhazrat Homāyuni Šāhanšāh Āryāmehr
Bozorg Arteštārān
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.png
Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi in 1973
Shah of Iran (more...)
Reign 16 September 1941 –
11 February 1979
Coronation 26 October 1967
Predecessor Reza Shah
Successor Monarchy abolished
Ruhollah Khomeini as Supreme Leader
Prime Ministers
Born (1919-10-26)26 October 1919
Tehran, Iran
Died 27 July 1980(1980-07-27) (aged 60)
Cairo, Egypt
Burial Al-Rifa'i Mosque, Cairo, Egypt
Spouse Fawzia of Egypt
(m.1939; div. 1948)
Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiari
(m.1951; div. 1958)
Farah Diba
(m.1959; wid.1980)
Issue Shahnaz Pahlavi
Reza Pahlavi
Farahnaz Pahlavi
Ali-Reza Pahlavi
Leila Pahlavi
Full name
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Regnal name
Mohammad Reza Shah
House House of Pahlavi
Father Reza Shah
Mother Tadj ol-Molouk
Religion Shia Islam
Signature
Full name
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Regnal name
Mohammad Reza Shah
Styles of
Mohammad Reza Shah of Iran
Imperial Coat of Arms of Iran.svg
Reference style His Imperial Majesty
Spoken style Your Imperial Majesty
Alternative style Sir, Aryamehr

Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (Persian: محمدرضا پهلوی ‎, translit. Mohammad Rezā Pahlavi‎, pronounced [mohæmˈmæd reˈzɒː ˈʃɒːh pæhlæˈviː]; 26 October 1919 – 27 July 1980), known as Mohammad Reza Shah (Persian: محمدرضا شاه‎, translit. Mohammad Rezā Šāh‎), was the Shah of Iran from 16 September 1941 until his overthrow by the Iranian Revolution on 11 February 1979. Mohammad Reza Shah took the title Shāhanshāh ("Emperor" or "King of Kings") on 26 October 1967. He was the second and last monarch of the House of Pahlavi of the Iranian monarchy. Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi held several other titles, including that of Āryāmehr (Light of the Aryans) and Bozorg Arteshtārān (Head of the Warriors). His dream of the Great Civilization in Iran led to a rapid industrial and military expansion as well as economic and social reforms.

Mohammad Reza Pahlavi came to power during World War II after an Anglo-Soviet invasion forced the abdication of his father, Reza Shah. During Mohammad Reza Shah's reign, the Iranian oil industry was briefly nationalized, under Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh, until a US and UK-backed coup d'état deposed Mosaddegh and brought back foreign oil firms. Under Mohammad Reza's reign, Iran marked the anniversary of 2,500 years of continuous monarchy since the founding of the Persian Empire by Cyrus the Great - concurrent with this celebration, Mohammad Reza changed the benchmark of the Iranian calendar from the hegira to the beginning of the Persian Empire, measured from Cyrus the Great's coronation. Mohammad Reza also introduced the White Revolution, a series of economic, social and political reforms with the proclaimed intention of transforming Iran into a global power and modernising the nation by nationalising certain industries and granting women suffrage.


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