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Rezā Shāh

Reza Shah Pahlavi
رضا شاه پهلوی
Reza shahpahlavi.jpg
Reza Shah Pahlavi
Shah of Iran
Reign 15 December 1925 – 16 September 1941
Coronation 24 April 1926
Predecessor Ahmad Shah Qajar
Successor Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi
Prime Minister of Iran
Term 28 October 1923 – 1 November 1925
Predecessor Hassan Pirnia
Successor Mohammad-Ali Foroughi
Monarch Ahmad Shah Qajar
Born Reza Khan
(1878-03-15)15 March 1878
Alasht, Savad Kooh, Mazandaran Province, Persia (Iran)
Died 26 July 1944(1944-07-26) (aged 66)
Johannesburg, South Africa
Burial Shah-Abdol-Azim shrine, Rey (reburied in 1979 in Cairo, Egypt)
Spouse Maryam Khanum
Tajmah Khanum
Safiah Khanum
Tadj ol-Molouk (queen consort)
Qamar ol-Molouk
Esmat ol-Molouk
Issue Princess Hamdamsaltaneh
Princess Shams
Crown Prince Mohammad Reza
Princess Ashraf
Prince Ali Reza
Prince Gholam Reza
Prince Abdul Reza
Prince Ahmad Reza
Prince Mahmud Reza
Princess Fatimeh
Prince Hamid Reza
Full name
Reza Shah Pahlavi
Persian: رضا شاه پهلوی‎‎
House House of Pahlavi
Father Abbas Ali Khan
Mother Noush-Afarin Ayromlou
Religion Shia Islam
Full name
Reza Shah Pahlavi
Persian: رضا شاه پهلوی‎‎
Styles of
Reza Shah of Iran
Imperial Coat of Arms of Iran.svg
Reference style His Imperial Majesty
Spoken style Your Imperial Majesty
Alternative style Sir

Reza Shah Pahlavi (Persian: رضا شاه پهلوی‎‎; pronounced [reˈzɑː ˈʃɑːhe pæhlæˈviː]; 15 March 1878 – 26 July 1944), was the Shah of Iran (Persia) from 15 December 1925 until he was forced to abdicate by the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran on 16 September 1941.

Four years after conducting a coup against the pro-British government, the 1921 Persian coup d'état, in 1923 Reza Pahlavi was selected as Iran's prime minister by the National assembly of Iran. In 1925 Rezā Pahlavi was appointed as the legal monarch of Iran by decision of Iran's constituent assembly. The assembly deposed Ahmad Shah Qajar, the last Shah of the Qajar dynasty, and selected Reza Shah and Pahlavi dynasty instead, by amending the Iran's 1906 constitution. Reza Shah was the first democratically elected monarch of Iran. He founded the Pahlavi dynasty. He established a constitutional monarchy that lasted until overthrown in 1979 during the Iranian Revolution. Reza Shah introduced many social, economic, and political reforms during his reign, ultimately laying the foundation of the modern Iranian state.

His legacy remains controversial to this day. His defenders assert that he was an essential modernizing force for Iran (whose international prominence had sharply declined during Qajar rule), while his detractors assert that his reign was often despotic, with his failure to modernize Iran's large peasant population eventually sowing the seeds for the Iranian Revolution nearly four decades later. Moreover, his insistence on ethnic nationalism and cultural unitarism along with forced detribalization and sedentarization resulted in suppression of several ethnic and social groups.


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