Mogao Grottoes
| Mogao Caves | |
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| Location | Gansu, China |
| Coordinates | 40°02′14″N 94°48′15″E / 40.03722°N 94.80417°ECoordinates: 40°02′14″N 94°48′15″E / 40.03722°N 94.80417°E |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | i, ii, iii, iv, v, vi |
| Designated | 1987 (11th session) |
| Reference no. | 440 |
| Region | Asia-Pacific |
 Location of Mogao Caves in China
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| Mogao Caves | |||||||||||||||||
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"Mogao Caves" in Chinese characters
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| Chinese | 莫高窟 | ||||||||||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Mògāo kū |
| IPA | [mwô.káu kʰú] |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Yale Romanization | Mohk-gōu fāt |
| Southern Min | |
| Tâi-lô | Bo̍k-ko khut |
The Mogao Caves (Chinese: 莫高窟; pinyin: Mògāo kū; Wade–Giles: Mo4-kao1 k'u1), also known as the Thousand Buddha Grottoes (Chinese: 千佛洞; pinyin: qiān fó dòng), form a system of 492 temples 25 km (16 mi) southeast of the center of Dunhuang, an oasis strategically located at a religious and cultural crossroads on the Silk Road, in Gansu province, China. The caves may also be known as the Dunhuang Caves, however, this term is also used as a collective term to include other Buddhist cave sites in and around the Dunhuang area, the Western Thousand Buddha Caves, Eastern Thousand Buddha Caves, Yulin Caves, and Five Temple Caves. The caves contain some of the finest examples of Buddhist art spanning a period of 1,000 years. The first caves were dug out in 366 AD as places of Buddhist meditation and worship. The Mogao Caves are the best known of the Chinese Buddhist grottoes and, along with Longmen Grottoes and Yungang Grottoes, are one of the three famous ancient Buddhist sculptural sites of China.
An important cache of documents was discovered in 1900 in the so-called "Library Cave," which had been walled-up in the 11th century. The contents of the library were subsequently dispersed around the world, and the largest collections are now found in Beijing, London, Paris and Berlin, and the International Dunhuang Project exists to coordinate and collect scholarly work on the Dunhuang manuscripts and other material. The caves themselves are now a popular tourist destination, with a number open for visiting.
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