Lithium perchlorate

Lithium perchlorate
Names

IUPAC name Lithium perchlorate
Other names Perchloric acid, lithium salt; Lithium Cloricum
Identifiers
CAS Number	7791-03-9^Y
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	133514^Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.307
PubChem	23665649
UNII	Q86SE98C9C^N
InChI InChI=1S/ClHO4.Li/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1^Y Key: MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M^Y InChI=1/ClHO4.Li/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1 Key: MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-REWHXWOFAR
SMILES [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O
Properties
Chemical formula	ClLiO₄
Molar mass	106.39 g·mol⁻¹
Appearance	white crystals
Odor	odorless
Density	2.42 g/cm³
Melting point	236 °C (457 °F; 509 K)
Boiling point	430 °C (806 °F; 703 K) decomposes from 400 °C
Solubility in water	42.7 g/100 mL (0 °C) 49 g/100 mL (10 °C) 59.8 g/100 mL (25 °C) 71.8 g/100 mL (40 °C) 119.5 g/100 mL (80 °C) 300 g/100 g (120 °C)
Solubility	soluble in alcohol, ethyl acetate
Solubility in acetone	137 g/100 g
Solubility in alcohol	1.82 g/g (0 °C, in CH₃OH) 1.52 g/g (0 °C, in C₂H₅OH) 1.05 g/g (25 °C, in C₃H₇OH) 0.793 g/g (0 °C, in C₄H₉OH)
Thermochemistry
Specific heat capacity (C)	105 J/mol·K
Std molar entropy (S^o₂₉₈)	125.5 J/mol·K
Std enthalpy of formation (Δ_fH^o₂₉₈)	-380.99 kJ/mol
Gibbs free energy (Δ_fG˚)	-254 kJ/mol
Hazards
Main hazards	Oxidizer, irritant
Safety data sheet	MSDS
GHS pictograms
GHS signal word	Danger
GHS hazard statements	H272, H315, H319, H335
GHS precautionary statements	P220, P261, P305+351+338
EU classification (DSD)	O Xi
R-phrases	R8, R36/37/38
S-phrases	S17, S26, S36
NFPA 704	0 2 0 OX
Related compounds
Other anions	Lithium chloride Lithium hypochlorite Lithium chlorate
Other cations	Sodium perchlorate Potassium perchlorate Rubidium perchlorate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N (what is ^YN ?)
Infobox references

Lithium perchlorate is the inorganic compound with the formula LiClO₄. This white or colourless crystalline salt is noteworthy for its high solubility in many solvents. It exists both in anhydrous form and as a trihydrate.

Lithium perchlorate is used as a source of oxygen in some chemical oxygen generators. It decomposes at about 400 °C, yielding lithium chloride and oxygen, the latter being over 60% of its mass. It has both the highest oxygen to weight and oxygen to volume ratio of all perchlorates, except beryllium diperchlorate, which is expensive and highly toxic.

LiClO₄ is highly soluble in organic solvents, even diethyl ether. Such solutions are employed in Diels-Alder reactions, where it is proposed that the Lewis acidic Li⁺ binds to Lewis basic sites on the dienophile, thereby accelerating the reaction.

Lithium perchlorate is also used as a co-catalyst in the coupling of α,β-unsaturated carbonyls with aldehydes, also known as the Baylis-Hillman reaction.

Lithium perchlorate is also used as an electrolyte in lithium-ion batteries. Lithium perchlorate is chosen over alternative electrolytes such as lithium hexafluorophosphate or lithium tetrafluoroborate when its superior electrical impedance, conductivity, hygroscopicity, and anodic stability properties are of importance to the specific application. However, these beneficial properties are often overshadowed by the electrolyte's strong oxidizing properties, making the electrolyte reactive toward its solvent at high temperatures and/or high current loads. Due to these hazards the battery is often considered unfit for industrial applications.

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Wikipedia