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Potassium perchlorate

Potassium perchlorate
Potassium perchlorate.png
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Potassium perchlorate 200g.jpg
Names
Other names
Potassium chlorate(VII); Perchloric acid, potassium salt; peroidin
Identifiers
3D model (Jmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.029.011
EC Number 231-912-9
PubChem CID
RTECS number SC9700000
UNII
UN number 1489
Properties
KClO4
Molar mass 138.55 g/mol
Appearance colourless/ white crystalline powder
Density 2.5239 g/cm3
Melting point 610 °C (1,130 °F; 883 K)
decomposes from 400 °C
0.76 g/100 mL (0 °C)
1.5 g/100 mL (25 °C)
4.76 g/100 mL (40 °C)
21.08 g/100 mL (100 °C)
1.05·10−2
Solubility negligible in alcohol
insoluble in ether
Solubility in ethanol 47 mg/kg (0 °C)
120 mg/kg (25 °C)
Solubility in acetone 1.6 g/kg
Solubility in ethyl acetate 15 mg/kg
1.4724
Structure
Rhombohedral
Thermochemistry
111.35 J/mol·K
150.86 J/mol·K
-433 kJ/mol
-300.4 kJ/mol
Hazards
Safety data sheet MSDS
GHS pictograms The flame-over-circle pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)The exclamation-mark pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
GHS signal word Danger
H271, H302
P220
Oxidizing Agent O Harmful Xn
R-phrases R9, R22
S-phrases (S2), S13, S22, S27
NFPA 704
Flammability code 0: Will not burn. E.g., water Health code 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g., turpentine Reactivity code 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g., calcium Special hazard OX: Oxidizer. E.g., potassium perchlorateNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
Related compounds
Other anions
Potassium chloride
Potassium chlorate
Potassium periodate
Other cations
Ammonium perchlorate
Sodium perchlorate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Potassium perchlorate is the inorganic salt with the chemical formula KClO4. Like other perchlorates, this salt is a strong oxidizer although it usually reacts very slowly with organic substances. This usually obtained as a colorless, crystalline solid is a common oxidizer used in fireworks, ammunition percussion caps, explosive primers, and is used variously in propellants, flash compositions, stars, and sparklers. It has been used as a solid rocket propellant, although in that application it has mostly been replaced by the higher performance ammonium perchlorate. KClO4 has the lowest solubility of the alkali metal perchlorates (1.5 g in 100 mL of water at 25 °C).

KClO4 is prepared industrially by treating an aqueous solution of sodium perchlorate with KCl. This single precipitation reaction exploits the low solubility of KClO4, which is about 100 times less than the solubility of NaClO4 (209.6 g/100 mL at 25 °C). It can also be produced by the reaction of perchloric acid with potassium hydroxide; however, this is not used widely due to the dangers of perchloric acid. In laboratory or by hobbists it can be prepared by bubbling chlorine gas through a solution of KClO3 and KOH. Another way to make it is the electrolysis of potassium chlorate solution,KClO4 form a precipitate at the anode.

KClO4 is an oxidizer in the sense that it exothermically transfers oxygen to combustible materials, greatly increasing their rate of combustion relative to that in air. Thus, with glucose it gives carbon dioxide:


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