Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
| Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan | ||||||||||
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د افغانستان اسلامي امارات Da Afghanistan Islami Amarat |
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| Partially Recognized State | ||||||||||
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Motto lā ʾilāha ʾillà l-Lāh, Muḥammadun rasūlu l-Lāh لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله "There is no god but God. Muhammad is the messenger of God." |
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| Religion | Sunni Islam | |||||||||
| Government | Unitary Islamic theocratic totalitarian monarch dictatorship | |||||||||
| Amir al-Mu'minin (Leader of the Faithful) Head of the Supreme Council |
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| • | 1996–2001 | Mohammed Omar | ||||||||
| Prime Minister | ||||||||||
| • | 1996–2001 | Mohammad Rabbani | ||||||||
| • | 2001 | Abdul Kabir (acting) | ||||||||
| Legislature | Jirga | |||||||||
| Historical era | Civil War / War on Terror | |||||||||
| • | Rise to Power | 27 September 1996 | ||||||||
| • | Battle of Tora Bora | 17 December 2001 | ||||||||
| Area | ||||||||||
| • | 2000 | 587,578 km² (226,865 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Population | ||||||||||
| • | 2001 est. | 26,813,057 | ||||||||
| Currency | Afghani | |||||||||
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The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي امارات, Da Afghanistan Islami Amarat) was an Islamic state established in September 1996 when the Taliban began their rule of Afghanistan after the fall of Kabul. At its peak the Taliban established control over approximately 90% of the country, whereas parts of the northeast were held by the Northern Alliance. The regime ended on December 9, 2001, having been forced out by the Northern Alliance backed by U.S. air forces.
The Taliban and its rule arose from the chaos after the Soviet–Afghan War. It began as an Islamic and Pashtun politico-religious movement composed of madrasa students in southern Afghanistan. Overwhelmingly ethnic Pashtuns, the Taliban blended Pashtunwali tribal code with elements of Sunni Islamic teaching to form an anti-Western and anti-modern Islamic ideology with which it ruled. It began to receive support from neighboring Pakistan as well as from Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). In the meantime, countries like the United States and others were watching from a distance and hoping that this new movement would end the Afghan civil war.
The Taliban considered many of Afghanistan's other ethnic communities as foreign. Pashtun people are the largest ethnic group in Afghanistan and comprised the vast majority of the Taliban movement. As the Taliban expanded from their southern and south-eastern strongholds, they encountered more resistance; their brand of Deobandi Islam, incorporated with the Pashtun tribal code of Pashtunwali, was viewed as foreign by the other ethnic groups of Afghanistan. The Battles of Mazar-i-Sharif (1997–98) illustrated this ethnic tension.
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