Indus River Valley

Indus (دریائے سندھ)
River
Satellite image of the Indus River basin in Pakistan and India
Countries	Pakistan (93%),  India (5%),  China (2%)
State	Gilgit-Baltistan, Jammu and Kashmir Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, Sindh Tibet
Tributaries
- left	Zanskar River, Suru River, Soan River, Jhelum River, Chenab River, Ravi River, Beas River, Sutlej River, Panjnad River
- right	Shyok River, Hunza River, Gilgit River, Swat River, Kunar River, Kabul River, Kurram River, Gomal River, Zhob River
Cities	Leh, Skardu, Dasu, Besham, Thakot, Dera Ismail Khan, Sukkur, Hyderabad
Primary source	Sênggê Zangbo
- location	Tibetan Plateau
Secondary source	Gar Tsangpo
Source confluence
- location	Shiquanhe, Ngari Prefecture, China
- elevation	4,255 m (13,960 ft)
- coordinates	32°29′54″N 79°41′28″E / 32.49833°N 79.69111°E / 32.49833; 79.69111
Mouth	Arabian Sea (primary), Rann of Kutch (secondary)
- location	Indus River Delta (primary), Thar Desert (secondary), Pakistan
- elevation	0 m (0 ft)
- coordinates	23°59′40″N 67°25′51″E / 23.99444°N 67.43083°E / 23.99444; 67.43083Coordinates: 23°59′40″N 67°25′51″E / 23.99444°N 67.43083°E / 23.99444; 67.43083
Length	3,610 km (2,243 mi)
Basin	1,165,000 km2 (449,809 sq mi)
Discharge	for Arabian Sea
- average	6,600 m3/s (233,077 cu ft/s)
- max	58,000 m3/s (2,048,251 cu ft/s)
- min	1,200 m3/s (42,378 cu ft/s)
Map of the Indus River basin

The Indus River (Urdu: دریائے سندھ‎; Hindi:सिंधु; Chinese: 印度河) also called Sindhū or Abāsīn, is a major south-flowing river in South Asia. The total length of the river is 3,610 km (1,988mi) which makes it one of the longest rivers in Asia. Originating in the western part of Tibet in the vicinity of Mount Kailash and Lake Manasarovar, the river runs a course through Ladakh, Gilgit-Baltistan, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and then flows along the entire length of Punjab to merge into the Arabian Sea near the city of Thatta in Sindh. It is the longest river and national river of Pakistan.

The river has a total drainage area exceeding 1,165,000 km² (450,000 sq mi). Its estimated annual flow stands at around 243 km³ (58 cu mi), twice that of the Nile River and three times that of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers combined, making it the twenty-first largest river in the world in terms of annual flow. The Zanskar is its left bank tributary in Ladakh. In the plains, its left bank tributary is the Chenab which itself has four major tributaries, namely, the Jhelum, the Ravi, the Beas, and the Sutlej. Its principal right bank tributaries are the Shyok, the Gilgit, the Kabul, the Gomal, and the Kurram. Beginning in a mountain spring and fed with glaciers and rivers in the Himalayas, the river supports ecosystems of temperate forests, plains and arid countryside.