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History of Borneo

Borneo
Pulau Borneo
Kalimantan
Borneo Topography.png
Topography of Borneo
Geography
Location Southeast Asia
Coordinates 01°N 114°E / 1°N 114°E / 1; 114Coordinates: 01°N 114°E / 1°N 114°E / 1; 114
Archipelago Greater Sunda Islands
Area 743,330 km2 (287,000 sq mi)
Area rank 3rd
Highest elevation 4,095 m (13,435 ft)
Highest point Mount Kinabalu
Administration
Districts Belait
Brunei and Muara
Temburong
Tutong
Largest settlement Bandar Seri Begawan (pop. ~50,000)
Provinces West Kalimantan
Central Kalimantan
South Kalimantan
East Kalimantan
North Kalimantan
Largest settlement Samarinda (pop. 842,691)
States and FT Sabah
Sarawak
Labuan
Largest settlement Kuching (pop. 617,886)
Demographics
Population 21,258,000 (2014)
Pop. density 21.52 /km2 (55.74 /sq mi)
Ethnic groups Bruneian Malay, Dayak, Iban, Kadazan-Dusun, Banjar, Sama-Bajau, Murut, Rungus and Lun Bawang/Lun Dayeh

Borneo (/ˈbɔːrni/; Malay: Pulau Borneo, Indonesian: Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, and east of Sumatra.

The island is politically divided among three countries: Malaysia and Brunei in the north, and Indonesia to the south. Approximately 73% of the island is Indonesian territory. In the north, the East Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak make up about 26% of the island. Additionally, the Malaysian federal territory of Labuan is situated on a small island just off the coast of Borneo. The sovereign state of Brunei, located on the north coast, comprises about 1% of Borneo's land area.

Antipodal to an area of Amazon rainforest, Borneo is itself home to one of the oldest rainforests in the world.

The island is known by many names. Internationally it is known as Borneo, after Brunei, derived from European contact with the kingdom in the 16th century during the Age of Exploration. The name Brunei possibly derives from the Sanskrit word "váruṇa" (वरुण), meaning either "water" or the mythological Varuna, the Hindu god of rain. Indonesian natives called it Kalimantan, which was derived from the Sanskrit word Kalamanthana, meaning "burning weather island" (to describe its hot and humid tropical weather).


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