Hindustani languages

Hindustani
Hindi-Urdu
हिन्दुस्तानी     ہندوستانی
The word "Hindustani" in Devanagari script and Nastaliq script
Native to	Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand
Native speakers	329 million (2001) L2 speakers: 215 million (1999)
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Central Zone (Hindi) Western Hindi Hindustani
Standard forms	Standard Hindi Standard Urdu
Dialects	Khariboli Urdu dialects
Writing system	Devanagari (Hindi alphabet) Nastaliq (Urdu alphabet) Braille (Hindi Braille and Pakistani Urdu Braille) Kaithi (historical)
Signed forms	Indian Signing System (ISS)
Official status
Official language in	India (as Hindi, Urdu)  Pakistan (as Urdu)
Regulated by	Central Hindi Directorate (Hindi, India); National Language Promotion Department (Urdu, Pakistan); National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language (Urdu, India)
Language codes
ISO 639-1	hi – Hindi ur – Urdu
ISO 639-2	hin – Hindi urd – Urdu
ISO 639-3	Either:  – Hindi  – Urdu
Glottolog	hind1270
Linguasphere	59-AAF-qa to -qf
Areas (red) where Hindustani (Khariboli/Kauravi) is the native language
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Hindustani (Hindustani: हिन्दुस्तानी,ہندوستانی[ˌɦɪnd̪ʊsˈt̪aːniː], lit. '"of Hindustan"'), historically also known as Hindavi, Dehlavi and Rekhta, is the lingua franca of North India and Pakistan. It is an Indo-Aryan language, deriving its base primarily from the Khariboli dialect of Delhi, and incorporates a large amount of vocabulary from Sanskrit, Persian, Arabic and Chagatai. It is a pluricentric language, with two official forms, Modern Standard Hindi and Modern Standard Urdu, which are its standardised registers, and which may be called Hindustani or Hindi-Urdu when taken together. The colloquial registers are mostly indistinguishable, and even though the official standards are nearly identical in grammar, they differ in literary conventions and in academic and technical vocabulary, with Urdu adopting stronger Persian, Chagatai and Arabic influences, and Hindi relying more heavily on Sanskrit. Before the Partition of the British Indian Empire, the terms Hindustani, Urdu, and Hindi were synonymous; all covered what would be mostly called Urdu and Hindi today. The term Hindustani is still used for the colloquial language and lingua franca of North India and Pakistan, for example for the language of Bollywood films, as well as for several quite different varieties of Hindi spoken outside the Indian Subcontinent, such as Fiji Hindi of Fiji and the Caribbean Hindustani of Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, and the rest of the Caribbean. Hindustani is also spoken by a small number of people in Mauritius and South Africa.