Himachal Pradesh
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Himachal Pradesh हिमाचल प्रदेश |
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|---|---|---|
| State | ||
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 Location in India |
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 State map |
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| Coordinates (Shimla): 31°6′12″N 77°10′20″E / 31.10333°N 77.17222°ECoordinates: 31°6′12″N 77°10′20″E / 31.10333°N 77.17222°E | ||
| Country |
 India
|
|
| Statehood | 25 January 1971 | |
| Capitals | Shimla (Summers), Dharamsala (Winters) | |
| Largest city | Shimla | |
| Districts | 12 | |
| Government | ||
| • Governor | Acharya Dev Vrat | |
| • Chief Justice | Justice Mansoor Ahmad Mir | |
| • Chief Minister | Virbhadra Singh (INC) | |
| • Legislature | Unicameral (68 seats) | |
| • Parliamentary constituency | 4 | |
| Area | ||
| • Total | 55,673 km2 (21,495 sq mi) | |
| Area rank | 18th | |
| Elevation | 2,319 m (7,608 ft) | |
| Population (2011) | ||
| • Total | 6,864,602 | |
| • Rank | 21st | |
| • Density | 123/km2 (320/sq mi) | |
| Language | ||
| • Official | Hindi | |
| • Additional official | English | |
| Languages | ||
| Time zone | IST (UTC+05:30) | |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-HP | |
| HDI |
 0.652 (medium) |
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| HDI rank | 3rd (2011) | |
| Literacy | 82.80% | |
| Website | himachal.nic.in | |
| It was elevated to the status of state by the State of Himachal Pradesh Act, 1970 | ||
| Population Growth | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1951 | 2,386,000 |
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| 1961 | 2,812,000 | 17.9% | |
| 1971 | 3,460,000 | 23.0% | |
| 1981 | 4,281,000 | 23.7% | |
| 1991 | 5,171,000 | 20.8% | |
| 2001 | 6,077,900 | 17.5% | |
| 2011 | 6,864,602 | 12.9% | |
| Source:Census of India 2011 | |||
| Literacy Rate | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1971 | 31.96 |
—
|
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| 1981 | 42.48 | 32.9% | |
| 1991 | 63.86 | 50.3% | |
| 2001 | 76.48 | 19.8% | |
| 2011 | 82.80 | 8.3% | |
| Source: | |||
| Animal | Snow leopard बर्फीला तेंदुआ |
|---|---|
| Bird | Jujurana जुजुराणा |
| Flower | Rhododendron बुरांस |
| Tree | Deodar देवदार |
Himachal Pradesh ([ɦɪmaːtʃəl prəd̪eːʃ]; literally "Snow-laden Province") is a state of India located in Northern India. It is bordered by Jammu and Kashmir on the north, Punjab and Chandigarh on the west, Haryana on the south-west, Uttarakhand on the south-east and by the Tibet Autonomous Region on the east. The name was coined from Sanskrit him 'snow' and anchal 'lap', by Acharya Diwakar Datt Sharma, one of the state's most eminent Sanskrit scholars.
Himachal Pradesh is famous for its natural beauty, hill stations, and temples. Himachal Pradesh has been ranked fifteenth in the list of the highest per capita incomes of Indian states and union territories for year 2013-14. Many perennial rivers flow in the state, and numerous hydroelectric projects set up. Himachal produces surplus hydroelectricity and sells it to other states such as Delhi, Punjab, and Rajasthan. Hydroelectric power projects, tourism, and agriculture form important parts of the state's economy.
The state has several valleys, and more than 90% of the population living in rural areas. Practically all houses have a toilet and 100% hygiene has been achieved in the state. The villages have good connectivity with roads, public health centres, and now with high-speed broadband.
Shimla district has maximum urban population of 25%. It has incorporated environmental protection and tourism development has been aided with a government ban on the use of polyethylene bags, reducing litter, and tobacco products, to aid people's health. According to a 2005 Transparency International survey, Himachal Pradesh was ranked the second-least corrupt state in the country, after Kerala.
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