Haplogroup H (Y-DNA)
| Haplogroup H (Y-DNA) | |
|---|---|
.PNG) |
|
| Possible time of origin | 25,000–45,000 years BP |
| Possible place of origin | South Asia |
| Ancestor | GHIJK |
| Defining mutations | L901/M2939 |
| Highest frequencies | South Asia and Romani people |
In human genetics, Haplogroup H (Y-DNA), also known as H-L901/M2939 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. This haplogroup is found at high frequencies among some populations in South Asia, particularly the subclade H1 (H-M69), including its direct descendant H1a (M52). Outside South Asia, H1a1 (H-M82) – which is a direct descendant of H1a (M52) – is found commonly in the paternal lineage of Romani people.
Haplogroup H2 (P96) seems to be primarily European, and very ancient. It was recently found in Linear Pottery culture and Neolithic Iberia and may have entered Europe as long ago during the Epipaleolithic. It was found to have a somewhat higher average concentration in Western Europe, but was also found amongst many ethnicities of the Near East, most notably Armenians and Iranian peoples, as well as in India and other countries of Southern Asia.
H-L901/M2939 is a direct descendant of Haplogroup GHIJK. There are, in turn, three direct descendants of H-L901/M2939 – their defining SNPs are as follows:
H-L901/M2939 is believed to have arisen in South Asia between 30,000 and 40,000 years ago. Its probable site of introduction is South Asia, since it is concentrated there. It seems to represent the main Y-Chromosome haplogroup of the paleolithic inhabitants of Indian-Subcontinent. Some individuals in South Asia have also been shown to belong to the much rarer subclade H3 (Z5857).
However, in South Asia, haplogroup H is by no means restricted to specific populations. For example, H is possessed by about 28.8% of Indo-Aryan castes. and in tribals about 25–35%.
Haplogroup H-M69 is fairly common among populations of India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Nepal, with lower frequency in Afghanistan. The highest frequencies of H-M69 are in India, especially in southern India at (32.9%). and H-M52 among Kalash (20.5%) in Pakistan.
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Wikipedia