Haplogroup B-M60 (Y-DNA)

Haplogroup B-M60
The geographical concentrations of major haplogroups, including B-M60, in Africa.
Possible time of origin	60,000-65,000 years BP
Possible place of origin	Unknown
Ancestor	BT
Descendants	Primary: B1 (M236), B2 (M182), B3 (L1387); Subclades of the above include: B1a (M146); B2b (M112); B2a1a1a1 (M109)
Defining mutations	M60, M181/Page32, P85, P90, V62, V75, V78, V83, V84, V85, V90, V93, V94, V185, V197, V217, V227, V234, V237, and V44
Highest frequencies	Baka 63% (Gabon & Cameroon) - 72% (CAR),Hadzabe (Tanzania) 52%-60%,Nuer (South Sudan) 50%,Mbuti (DRC) 33%-60%,Biaka (CAR) 35%-55%,Central Africa 32%, Tsumkwe San (Namibia) 31%,Khoisan 28%,Shilluk (South Sudan) 27%,Burunge (Tanzania) 25%,Dinka (South Sudan) 23%,Ngumba (Cameroon) 23%-33%,Eviya (Gabon) 21%,Fali (Cameroon) 18%,Sotho–Tswana (South Africa) 18%,Zulu (South Africa) 17%,Eshira (Gabon) 17%,Shake (Gabon) 16%,Hausa (Sudan) 16%,Sukuma (Tanzania) 16%,Bakola (Cameroon) 15%-36%,Copts (Sudan) 15%,Sudan 15%,Kunama (Eritrea) 15%,Tutsi (Rwanda) 15%,Sandawe (Tanzania) 15%,Uldeme (Cameroon) 5%-31%,Nuba (Sudan) 14%,Makina (Gabon) 14%,Southern Africa 13%,Mali 11%,Ewondo (Cameroon) 10%,Ethiopia 10%,Shona (Zimbabwe) 10%Qeshmi (Iran) 8,2%,Bandari (Iran) 2,3%,Hazara (Afghanistan) 5,1%,

Primary: B1 (M236), B2 (M182), B3 (L1387);

Haplogroup B (B-M60) is a Y-DNA haplogroup common to paternal lineages in Africa, It is a primary branch of Haplogroup BT.

B-M60 is common in parts of Africa, especially the tropical forests of West-Central Africa. It was the ancestral haplogroup of not only modern Pygmies like the Baka and Mbuti, but also Hadzabe from Tanzania, who often have been considered, in large part because of some typological features of their language, to be a remnant of Khoisan people in East Africa.

According to one study of the Y-DNA of populations in Sudan, haplogroup B-M60 is found in approximately 30% (16/53) of Southern Sudanese, 16% (5/32) of local Hausa people, 14% (4/28) of the Nuba of central Sudan, 3.7% (8/216) of Northern Sudanese (but only among Copts and Nubians), and 2.2% (2/90) of Western Sudanese. According to another study, haplogroup B is found in approximately 15% of Sudanese males, including 12.5% (5/40) B2a1a1a1 (M109/M152) and 2.5% (1/40) B-M60(xM146, M150, M112).

In Madagascar, haplogroup B-M60 has been found in approximately 9% of Malagasy males, including 6% (2/35) B-M60(xB2b-50f2(P)) and 3% (1/35) B2b-50f2(P).

In Hormozgan Province in Iran, haplogroup B-M60 has been found in 8.2% of a sample of 49 Qeshmi people, and in 2.3% of a sample of 131 Bandari people.