Gabriel de Avilés, 2nd Marquis of Avilés
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Don Gabriel de Avilés Marquis of Avilés |
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| Viceroy of Peru | |
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In office November 5, 1801 – August 20, 1806 |
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| Monarch | Charles IV |
| Prime Minister | Manuel de Godoy |
| Preceded by | Manuel Arredondo |
| Succeeded by | José de Abascal |
| Viceroy of Río de la Plata | |
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In office March 14, 1799 – May 20, 1801 |
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| Monarch | Charles IV |
| Prime Minister | Count of Floridablanca |
| Preceded by | Antonio Olaguer Feliú |
| Succeeded by | Joaquín del Pino |
| Royal Governor of Chile | |
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In office September 18, 1796 – January 21, 1799 |
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| Monarch | Charles IV |
| Prime Minister | Count of Floridablanca |
| Preceded by | José de Rezabal |
| Succeeded by | Joaquín del Pino |
| Personal details | |
| Born | c. 1735 Vic, Spain |
| Died | September 19, 1810 (aged 74–75) Valparaíso, Chile |
| Spouse(s) | Mercedes del Risco |
| Profession | Lieutenant General |
| Religion | Catholic |
Gabriel de Avilés Itúrbide y del Fierro, 2nd Marquis of Avilés (Spanish: Gabriel de Avilés Itúrbide y del Fierro, segundo Marqués de Avilés) (c. 1735 – September 19, 1810) was a Spanish military officer and colonial administrator in the Americas. He was governor of Chile, viceroy of Río de la Plata, and viceroy of Peru.
Gabriel de Avilés was born in Vic in the province of Barcelona, the son of José de Avilés, 1st Marquis of Avilés, intendente of Aragon and Valencia, and of Carmen del Fierro. He entered the military at a young age. He was sent to Chile as a cavalry instructor in 1768. After two years at Arauco, he was sent to Peru as subinspector general of the army. He married Mercedes del Risco y Ciudad, a Peruvian woman with a reputation for such kindness that she is known to history as la santa virreina.
In 1780 the anti-Spanish revolt of Túpac Amaru II erupted. The rebels had initial successes, and there were fears that the insurrection would engulf the entire viceroyalty. Avilés, then a colonel, was sent with a Spanish force to the defense of Cusco. The reinforcements arrived the day before the rebels began a siege of the city. The rebel force was estimated to be as many as 60,000 men. The situation was not easy for the Spanish; they feared not only the besieging force, but also the possibility of an uprising of the Indigenous within the city itself.
Nevertheless, the resistance was valiant — and successful. Túpac Amaru was forced to raise the siege and retreat to Tungasuca. Viceroy Agustín de Jáuregui sent a force of 22,000 men in pursuit. Túpac Amaru was defeated, betrayed, captured, and subsequently brutally executed, along with his family.
For his part in putting down the rebellion, in 1785 Avilés was promoted to brigadier and made governor of Callao.
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