Economy of Iran
Tehran hosts 45% of Iran's industries.
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| Currency | 1 toman (superunit) = 10 Iranian rial (IRR) ( );note: Iran devalued its currency in July 2013 |
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| March 21–20 | |
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Trade organizations
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ECO, OPEC, GECF, WTO (observer) and others |
| Statistics | |
| GDP | $1.459 trillion (2016, PPP), $412.3 billion (2016, Nominal) |
| GDP rank | 27th (nominal) / 18th (PPP) |
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GDP growth
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 4.8% (2018f), 5.2% (2017f) 4.5% (2016), 0.4% (2015),4.3% (2014) |
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GDP per capita
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$18,100 (2016, PPP), $5,124 (2016, Nominal) |
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GDP per capita rank
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96th (nominal); 68th (PPP) |
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GDP by sector
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Agriculture: 9.1% Industry: 39.9% Services: 51% (2016) |
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GDP by component
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Household consumption: 50.8% Government consumption: 10% Investment in fixed capital: 27.1% Investment in inventories: 6.1% Exports of goods and services: 23.2% Imports of goods and services: -17.2% (2016 est.) |
 8% (2016) 13.7% (2015) |
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| 14.2% (31 December 2015 est.) | |
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Population below poverty line
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9% living below $5.5/day (2013) |
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0.39 (FY 2015) (List of countries) |
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Labor force
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29.07 million (2015 est.) |
| Unemployment |
10.3% (FY 2016) |
| Urban households: IRR 17 million, monthly (FY 2013) Rural households: IRR 10 million, monthly (FY 2013) |
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Main industries
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petroleum, petrochemicals, fertilizers, caustic soda, car manufacture, parts, pharmaceuticals, home appliances, electronics, telecom, energy, power, textiles, construction, cement and other construction materials, food processing (particularly sugar refining and vegetable oil production), ferrous and non-ferrous metal fabrication, armaments |
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120th (2017) |
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| External | |
| Exports |
$87.52 billion (2016 est) $78.99 billion (2015 est.) |
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Export goods
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petroleum (80%), chemical and petrochemical products, automobiles, fruits and nuts, carpets |
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Main export partners
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 China 22.2% India 9.9% Turkey 8.4% Japan 4.5% (2015) |
| Imports |
$62.12 billion(2016 est), $52.42 billion (2015 est.) |
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Import goods
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industrial raw materials and intermediate goods (46%), capital goods (35%), foodstuffs and other consumer goods (19%), technical services |
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Main import partners
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 United Arab Emirates 39.6% China 22.4% South Korea 4.7% Turkey 4.6% (2015) |
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FDI stock
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Home: $46.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) (60th; 2015) Abroad: $4.656 billion (31 December 2016 est.) (67th; 2012) |
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Gross external debt
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$7.116 billion (2016 est.) $5.348 billion (2015 est.) |
| Public finances | |
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11.9% of GDP (2016) |
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-1.6% of GDP (2016 est.) |
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| Revenues | $61.95 billion (on exchange rate basis, not PPP) |
| Expenses | $68.72 billion (2015 est.) (on exchange rate basis) |
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Economist Intelligence Unit: CCC (Sovereign risk) CCC (Currency risk) CC (Bank sector risk) CC (Political risk) B (Economic structure risk) CC (Country risk) (February 2014) |
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Foreign reserves
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$135.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $110 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
The economy of Iran is a mixed and transition economy with a large public sector. Some 60 percent of the economy is centrally planned. It is dominated by oil and gas production, although over 40 industries are directly involved in the , one of the best performing exchanges in the world over the past decade. With 10 percent of the world's proven oil reserves and 15 percent of its gas reserves, Iran is considered an "energy superpower".
It is the world's eighteenth largest by purchasing power parity (PPP) and twenty-seventh by nominal gross domestic product. The country is a member of Next Eleven because of its high development potential. A unique feature of Iran's economy is the presence of large religious foundations called Bonyad, whose combined budgets represent more than 30 percent of central government spending.
Price controls and subsidies, particularly on food and energy, burden the economy. Contraband, administrative controls, widespread corruption, and other restrictive factors undermine private sector-led growth.The legislature in late 2009 passed the subsidy reform plan. This is the most extensive economic reform since the government implemented gasoline rationing in 2007.
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