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Culberson County, Texas

Culberson County, Texas
Culberson courthouse 2009.jpg
Culberson County Courthouse in Van Horn
Map of Texas highlighting Culberson County
Location in the U.S. state of Texas
Map of the United States highlighting Texas
Texas's location in the U.S.
Founded 1912
Named for David B. Culberson
Seat Van Horn
Largest town Van Horn
Area
 • Total 3,813 sq mi (9,876 km2)
 • Land 3,813 sq mi (9,876 km2)
 • Water 0.2 sq mi (1 km2), 0.01%
Population (est.)
 • (2015) 2,236
 • Density 0.6/sq mi (0/km²)
Congressional district 23rd
Time zones Central: UTC-6/-5
(Primary)
Mountain: UTC-7/-6
(Northwestern portion)
Website www.co.culberson.tx.us

Culberson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 census, its population was 2,398. The county seat is Van Horn. Culberson County was founded in 1911 and organized the next year. It is named for David B. Culberson, a lawyer and Confederate soldier in the American Civil War.

Culberson County is in the Central Time Zone, however, northwestern Culberson County unofficially observes Mountain Time. It is one of the nine counties that comprise the Trans-Pecos region of West Texas.

Prehistoric Clovis culture peoples in Culberson County lived in the rock shelters and caves nestled near water supplies. These people left behind artifacts and pictographs as evidence of their presence. With its treacherous topography, the area remained untouched by white explorations for centuries.

Jumano Indians led the Antonio de Espejo 1582-1583 expedition near Toyah Lake on a better route to the farming and trade area of La Junta de los Ríos. Espejo's diary places the Jumano along the Pecos River and its tributaries.

Antonio de Espejo was also the first white person to see the Mescalero Apache just east of the Guadalupe Mountains. The Mescalero frequented the area to irrigate their crops. In 1849 John Salmon "RIP" Ford explored the area between San Antonio and El Paso noting in his mapped report the productive land upon which the Mescalero Indians farmed. By the mid-17th Century the Mescaleros expanded their territory to the Plains Navajos and Pueblos from the Guadalupes, and El Paso del Norte. Their feared presence in the area deterred white settlers. January 1870, a group of soldiers attacked a Mescalero Apache village near Delaware Creek in the Guadalupe Mountains. July 1880 soldiers at Tinaja de las Palmas attacked a group of Mescaleros led by Chief Victorio. August 1880, Buffalo Soldiers ambushed Victorio at Rattlesnake Springs. Victorio retreated to Mexico and was killed in October by Mexican soldiers.


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