Commonwealth of Canada

Canada
Flag
Motto: A Mari Usque Ad Mare (Latin) (English: "From Sea to Sea")
Anthem: "O Canada" Royal anthem: "God Save the Queen"

Capital	Ottawa 45°24′N 75°40′W / 45.400°N 75.667°W / 45.400; -75.667
Largest city	Toronto
Official languages	English French
Ethnic groups	Ethnic demography 76.7% White 14.2% Asian 4.3% Indigenous 2.9% Black 1.2% Latin American 0.5% Multiracial 0.3% Other
Religion	List of religions 67.2% Christianity 23.9% Non-religious 3.2% Islam 1.5% Hinduism 1.4% Sikhism 1.1% Buddhism 1.0% Judaism 0.6% Other -
Demonym	Canadian
Government	Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy
• Monarch	Elizabeth II
• Governor General	David Johnston
• Prime Minister	Justin Trudeau
• Chief Justice	Beverley McLachlin
Legislature	Parliament
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	House of Commons
Independence from the United Kingdom
• Confederation	July 1, 1867
• Statute of Westminster	December 11, 1931
• Patriation	April 17, 1982
Area
• Total area	9,984,670 km² (3,855,100 sq mi) (2nd)
• Water (%)	8.92
• Total land area	9,093,507 km² (3,511,023 sq mi)
Population
• 2016 census	35,151,728 (38th)
• Density	3.92/km² (10.2/sq mi) (228th)
GDP (PPP)	2016 estimate
• Total	$1.672 trillion (15th)
• Per capita	$46,199 (20th)
GDP (nominal)	2016 estimate
• Total	$1.529 trillion (10th)
• Per capita	$40,409 (15th)
Gini (2012)	31.6 medium · 20th [9]
HDI (2015)	0.920 very high · 10th
Currency	Canadian dollar ($) (CAD)
Time zone	(UTC−3.5 to −8)
• Summer (DST)	(UTC−2.5 to −7)
Date format	dd-mm-yyyy mm-dd-yyyy yyyy-mm-dd (CE)
Drives on the	right
Calling code	+1
ISO 3166 code	CA
Internet TLD	.ca

Largest census metropolitan areas in Canada by population (2016 Census)
CMA	Province	Population	CMA	Province	Population
Toronto	Ontario	5,928,040	London	Ontario	494,069
Montreal	Quebec	4,098,927	St. Catharines–Niagara	Ontario	406,074
Vancouver	British Columbia	2,463,431	Halifax	Nova Scotia	403,390
Calgary	Alberta	1,392,609	Oshawa	Ontario	379,848
Ottawa–Gatineau	Ontario–Quebec	1,323,783	Victoria	British Columbia	367,770
Edmonton	Alberta	1,321,426	Windsor	Ontario	329,144
Quebec	Quebec	800,296	Saskatoon	Saskatchewan	295,095
Winnipeg	Manitoba	778,489	Regina	Saskatchewan	236,481
Hamilton	Ontario	747,545	Sherbrooke	Quebec	212,105
Kitchener–Cambridge–Waterloo	Ontario	523,894	St. John's	Newfoundland and Labrador	205,955

Coordinates: 60°N 95°W / 60°N 95°W / 60; -95

Canada (/ˈkænədə/; French: [kanadɑ]) is a country in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area. Canada's southern border with the United States is the world's longest bi-national land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, many near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, and its largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver.

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