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Citrus aurantium

Citrus aurantium
Citrus aurantium.jpg
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Rutaceae
Genus: Citrus
Species: C. × aurantium
Binomial name
Citrus × aurantium
L., 1753
Synonyms
  • Aurantium × acre Mill.
  • Aurantium × bigarella Poit. & Turpin
  • Aurantium × corniculatum Mill.
  • Aurantium × corniculatum Poit. & Turpin
  • Aurantium × coronatum Poit. & Turpin
  • Aurantium × distortum Mill.
  • Aurantium × humile Mill.
  • Aurantium × myrtifolium Descourt.
  • Aurantium × orientale Mill.
  • Aurantium × silvestre Pritz.
  • Aurantium × sinense (L.) Mill.
  • Aurantium × variegatum Barb.Rodr.
  • Aurantium × vulgare (Risso) M. Gómez
  • Citrus bigaradia Risso & Poit.
  • Citrus humilis (Mill.) Poir.
  • Citrus × amara Link
  • Citrus × aurata Risso
  • Citrus × benikoji Yu.Tanaka
  • Citrus × bigaradia Loisel.
  • Citrus × calot Lag.
  • Citrus × canaliculata Yu.Tanaka
  • Citrus × changshan-huyou Y.B.Chang
  • Citrus × communis Poit. & Turpin
  • Citrus × dulcimedulla Pritz.
  • Citrus × dulcis Pers.
  • Citrus × florida Salisb.
  • Citrus × funadoko Yu.Tanaka
  • Citrus × fusca Lour.
  • Citrus × glaberrima Yu.Tanaka
  • Citrus × humilis (Mill.) Poir.
  • Citrus × intermedia Yu.Tanaka
  • Citrus × iwaikan Yu.Tanaka
  • Citrus × iyo Yu.Tanaka nom. inval.
  • Citrus × karna Raf.
  • Citrus × keraji Yu.Tanaka nom. inval.
  • Citrus × kotokan Hayata
  • Citrus × medioglobosa Yu.Tanaka
  • Citrus × mitsuharu Yu.Tanaka
  • Citrus × myrtifolia (Ker Gawl.) Raf.
  • Citrus × natsudaidai (Yu.Tanaka) Hayata
  • Citrus × omikanto Yu.Tanaka
  • Citrus × pseudogulgul Shirai
  • Citrus × reshni (Engl.) Yu.Tanaka
  • Citrus × rokugatsu Yu.Tanaka
  • Citrus × rumphii Risso
  • Citrus × sinograndis Yu.Tanaka nom. inval.
  • Citrus × subcompressa (Tanaka) Yu.Tanaka
  • Citrus × sulcata Yu.Tanaka nom. inval.
  • Citrus × taiwanica Yu.Tanaka & Shimada
  • Citrus × tangelo J.W.Ingram & H.E.Moore
  • Citrus × tengu Yu.Tanaka nom. inval.
  • Citrus × tosa-asahi Yu.Tanaka
  • Citrus × truncata Yu.Tanaka
  • Citrus × vulgaris Risso
  • Citrus × yatsushiro Yu.Tanaka
  • Citrus × yuge-hyokan Yu.Tanaka

Bitter orange, Seville orange, sour orange, bigarade orange, or marmalade orange refers to a citrus tree (Citrus × aurantium) and its fruit. It is native to southeast Asia, and has been spread by humans to many parts of the world. Wild trees are found near small streams in generally secluded and wooded parts of Florida and The Bahamas after it was introduced to the area from Spain.

It is a hybrid between Citrus maxima (pomelo) and Citrus reticulata (mandarin). Many varieties of bitter orange are used for their essential oil, and are found in perfume, used as a flavoring or as a solvent. The Seville orange variety is used in the production of marmalade.

Bitter orange is also employed in herbal medicine as a stimulant and appetite suppressant, due to its active ingredient, synephrine. Bitter orange supplements have been linked to a number of serious side effects and deaths, and consumer groups advocate that people avoid using the fruit medically.

This orange is used as a in groves of sweet orange. The fruit and leaves make lather and can be used as soap. The hard white or light yellow wood is used in woodworking and made into baseball bats in Cuba. Seville orange (or bigarade) is a widely known, particularly tart orange which is now grown throughout the Mediterranean region. It has a thick, dimpled skin, and is prized for making marmalade, being higher in pectin than the sweet orange, and therefore giving a better set and a higher yield. It is also used in compotes and for orange-flavored liqueurs. Once a year, oranges of this variety are collected from trees in Seville and shipped to Britain to be used in marmalade. However, the fruit is rarely consumed locally in Andalusia.


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