Celâl Bayar
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His Excellency Celâl Bayar |
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|---|---|
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| 3rd President of Turkey | |
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In office 22 May 1950 – 27 May 1960 |
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| Prime Minister | Adnan Menderes |
| Preceded by | İsmet İnönü |
| Succeeded by | Cemal Gürsel |
| 3rd Prime Minister of Turkey | |
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In office 25 October 1937 – 25 January 1939 |
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| President |
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk İsmet İnönü |
| Preceded by | İsmet İnönü |
| Succeeded by | Refik Saydam |
| Leader of the Democratic Party | |
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In office 7 June 1946 – 9 June 1950 |
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| Preceded by | Founder |
| Succeeded by | Adnan Menderes |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
16 May 1883 Gemlik, Ottoman Empire |
| Died | 22 August 1986 (aged 103) Istanbul, Turkey |
| Nationality | Turkish |
| Political party |
Democratic Party (1946–1961) Republican People's Party (1923–1945) Committee of Union and Progress (1908–1922) |
| Spouse(s) | Reşide Bayar (1886–1962) |
| Religion | Islam |
| Signature |  |
Mahmut Celâl Bayar (16 May 1883 – 22 August 1986) was a Turkish politician who was the third President of Turkey from 1950 to 1960; previously he was Prime Minister of Turkey from 1937 to 1939. Bayar, as the Turkish President, was decorated with the Legion of Merit by the President of the United States. He is considered to be the longest-lived former head of state and was the longest-lived state leader until 16 December 2008 (when he was surpassed by Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum). Celal Bayar died on 22 August 1986 at the age of 103 years, 98 days.
Bayar was born on 16 May 1883 at Umurbey, a village of Gemlik, Bursa as the son of a religious leader and teacher who migrated from Lom, Ottoman Bulgaria. After school, he worked as a clerk, first in the court in Gemlik, then in Ziraat Bankası, and then in the Deutsche Orientbank in Bursa.
In 1908, Bayar joined the volunteer’s troop of the Committee of Union and Progress, a political organization of Young Turks. He served as the secretary-general of the newly founded Bursa branch and later of the İzmir branch of the party.
In 1919, Bayar was elected to the Ottoman Parliament in Istanbul as deputy of Saruhan (today Manisa). As he disagreed with the new constitution determined by the sultan, in 1920 he went to Ankara to join Mustafa Kemal and the Turkish Independence Movement. He became an active member of the "Müdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti" (Association for Defence of Rights of Anatolia and Rumelia), another political organization formed after World War I. He became the deputy of Bursa in the newly established Grand National Assembly of Turkey. The same year, he served as Deputy Minister of the Economy and on 27 February 1921 he was appointed as the Minister of the Economy. He led the negotiation commission during Çerkes Ethem's uprising. In 1922, Bayar was a member of the Turkish delegation during the Lausanne Peace Conference as an advisor to İsmet İnönü. After the elections in 1923, he served as the deputy of İzmir in the Parliament. On 6 March 1924 Celâl Bayar was appointed Minister for Population, Development and Resettlement (until 7 July 1924). On 26 August 1924, he founded Türkiye İş Bankası in Ankara by using as capital the gold bullion sent by the Muslims in India to support the Turkish War of Independence. He was the Managing Director of what was the largest Turkish commercial bank until 1932.
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