Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
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His Excellency Mustafa Kemal Atatürk |
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|---|---|
A portrait of Atatürk
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| 1st President of Turkey | |
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In office 29 October 1923 – 10 November 1938 |
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| Prime Minister |
İsmet İnönü Ali Fethi Okyar Celâl Bayar |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | İsmet İnönü |
| Prime Minister of Turkey | |
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In office 3 May 1920 – 24 January 1921 |
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| Deputy | Fevzi Çakmak |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | Fevzi Çakmak |
| 1st Speaker of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey | |
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In office 24 April 1920 – 29 October 1923 |
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| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | Ali Fethi Okyar |
| Leader of the Republican People's Party | |
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In office 9 September 1923 – 10 November 1938 |
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| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | İsmet İnönü |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
Ali Rıza oğlu Mustafa (Mustafa son of Ali Rıza) 19 May 1881 (conventional) Salonica, Salonica Vilayet, Ottoman Empire (now Thessaloniki, Greece) |
| Died | 10 November 1938 (aged 57) Dolmabahçe Palace, Istanbul, Turkey |
| Resting place |
Ethnography Museum, Ankara (21 November 1938 – 10 November 1953) Anıtkabir, Ankara (from 10 November 1953) |
| Nationality | Turkish |
| Political party | Republican People's Party |
| Spouse(s) | Lâtife Uşaklıgil (1923–25) |
| Religion | Islam |
| Awards | List (24 medals) |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |
 Ottoman Empire (1893–1919) Turkey (1921–1923)
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| Service/branch |
 Ottoman Army Turkish Army
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| Rank | Marshal |
| Commands | 19th Division 16th Corps 2nd Army 7th Army Yildirim Army Group Army of the Grand National Assembly |
| Battles/wars |
List
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Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (pronounced [mustaˈfa ceˈmal aˈtaˌtyɾc]; 19 May 1881 (conventional) – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish army officer, revolutionary, and founder of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first President from 1923 until his death in 1938. His surname, Atatürk (meaning "Father of the Turks"), was granted to him in 1934 and forbidden to any other person by the Turkish parliament.
Atatürk was a career military officer in the Ottoman Empire, rising to the rank of general during World War I. Following the Empire's defeat and subsequent dissolution, he led the Turkish National Movement in the Turkish War of Independence. Having established a provisional government in Ankara, he defeated the forces sent by the Allies, eventually leading to victory in the Turkish War of Independence. Atatürk then embarked upon a program of political, economic, and cultural reforms, seeking to transform the former Ottoman Empire into a modern and secular nation-state. Under his leadership, thousands of new schools were built, primary education was made free and compulsory, and women were given equal civil and political rights, while the burden of taxation on peasants was reduced. His government also carried out an extensive policy of Turkification. The principles of Atatürk's reforms, upon which modern Turkey was established, are referred to as Kemalism. His achievements in Turkey are an enduring monument to Atatürk.
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Wikipedia