Second Army (Ottoman Empire)
| Second Army | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1873– 5 August – 18 November 1914 5 December 1914-10 December 1918 |
| Country |
 Ottoman Empire
|
| Type | Field Army |
| Engagements |
Caucasus Campaign (World War I) Battle of Bitlis |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders |
Ahmed Muhtar Pasha (1873–1876) |
Ahmed Muhtar Pasha (1873–1876)
Vehib Pasha (November 1914 – February 1916)
Ahmed Izzet Pasha (February 1916 – March 1917)
Mustafa Kemal Pasha (March–July 1917)
Fevzi Pasha (July-7 November 1917)
The Second Army of the Ottoman Empire was one of the field armies of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the late 19th century during Ottoman military reforms.
In 1877, it was stationed in what is now Bulgaria. It was composed of:
Upon mobilization for the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), the second army was split in two; these were named as Eastern Danube Army and Western Danube Army.
After the Young Turk Revolution and the establishment of the Second Constitutional Era on 3 July 1908, new government initiate a major military reform. Army headquarters were modernized. The army headquarter established in Adrianople. Its operational area was Thrace, the Dardanelles, and it had units in Europe and Asia Minor. It commanded the following active divisions: The Second Army also had inspectorate functions for six Redif or reserve divisions and one brigade:
The Army also had 34 machine gun detachments.
With further reorganizations of the Ottoman Army, to include the creation of corps level headquarters, by 1911 the Army was headquartered in Salonika. It now had responsibility for the Balkans and operational control over forces in Syria and Palestine. The Army included two inspectorates, the Second in the Balkans and the Fifth in Syria. The Army at the start of the First Balkan War in 1912 was structured as such: (place names given are ones the Ottomans used at that time)
Additionally, the Second Redif Inspectorate had divisions in the Balkans at: Drama, Serez, Salonika, İştip, Monastir, Uskup, Piristine, Metroviçe, Pirzenin, Yanya, Elbasan, Naslic, and İşkodra. The Fifth Redif Inspectorate in Syria had divisions at: Adana, Antep, Aleppo, Damascus, Jerusalem, Akka, and Tripoli.
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