Cemal Gürsel
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His Excellency Cemal Gürsel |
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| 4th President of Turkey | |
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In office 27 May 1960 – 28 March 1966 |
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| Prime Minister | Cemal Gürsel Emin Özdilek İsmet İnönü |
| Preceded by | Celal Bayar |
| Succeeded by | Cevdet Sunay |
| 10th Prime Minister of Turkey | |
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In office 27 May 1960 – 27 October 1961 |
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| President | Cemal Gürsel |
| Preceded by | Adnan Menderes |
| Succeeded by | Emin Özdilek |
| Commander of the Turkish Army | |
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In office 21 August 1958 – 2 June 1960 |
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| Preceded by | Mustafa Rüştü Erdelhun |
| Succeeded by | Cevdet Sunay |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
13 October 1895 Erzurum, Ottoman Empire |
| Died | 14 September 1966 (aged 70) Ankara, Turkey |
| Nationality | Turkish |
| Political party | Independent |
| Spouse(s) | Melahat Gürsel (died 1975) |
| Children | 1 |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
Cemal Gürsel (Turkish: [dʒeˈmaɫ ɟyɾˈsel]; 13 October 1895 – 14 September 1966) was a Turkish army officer, and the fourth President of Turkey.
He was born in the city of Erzurum as the son of an Ottoman Army officer, Abidin Bey, and the grandson of Ibrahim (1820–1895) and the great-grandson of Haci Ahmad (1790–1860). After the elementary school in Ordu and the military middle school in Erzincan, he graduated from the Kuleli military high school in Istanbul. He was a popular figure and was therefore nicknamed "Cemal Ağa" (big brother Cemal) since his childhood school years and onwards all his life. Gürsel served in the Army for 45 years. During World War I, he participated in the Battle of Çanakkale in Dardanelles, Gallipoli as a lieutenant with the First Battery of the 12th Artillery Regiment in 1915 and received the War Medal. He later fought at the Palestine and Syria fronts in 1917 and became a prisoner of war by the British while suffering malaria during his command of the 5th Battery of the 41st Regiment on 19 September 1918. Gürsel was kept as a prisoner of war in Egypt until 6 October 1920. During his presidency much later, when interviewed by the foreign press as to why he had not learned English during his captivity, he somewhat regretfully recalled that he was so frustrated to be a captive, he protested and studied French in the British camp instead.
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