Committee of Union and Progress
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Committee of Union and Progress
إتحاد و ترقى جمیعتی İttihad ve Terakki Cemiyeti |
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|---|---|
| Leaders after 1913 | "Three Pashas" (Enver Pasha, Talaat Pasha, Djemal Pasha) |
| Founded | 1889 |
| Dissolved | 1918 |
| Headquarters | Istanbul (formerly in Salonica) |
| Ideology |
Turkish nationalism Constitutional monarchy Pan-Turkism Turanism |
| International affiliation | None |
| Slogan | Hürriyet, Müsavat, Adalet (Liberty, Equality, Justice) |
The Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) (Ottoman Turkish: İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti إتحاد و ترقى جمیعتی), later Party of Union and Progress (Ottoman Turkish: İttihat ve Terakki Fırkası, Turkish: Birlik ve İlerleme Partisi) began as a secret society established as the "Committee of Ottoman Union" (Turkish: İttihad-ı Osmanî Cemiyeti) in Istanbul on February 6, 1889 by medical students Ibrahim Temo, Çerkez Mehmed Reşid, Abdullah Cevdet, İshak Sükuti, Ali Hüseyinzade, Kerim Sebatî, Mekkeli Sabri Bey, Selanikli Nazım Bey, Şerafettin Mağmumi, Cevdet Osman and Giritli Şefik. It was transformed into a political organisation (and later an official political party) by Behaeddin Shakir, aligning itself with the Young Turks in 1906, during the period of the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. In the west, members of the CUP were usually called "Young Turks" while in the Ottoman Empire, its members were known as Unionists.
Begun as a liberal reform movement in the Ottoman Empire, the party was persecuted by the Ottoman imperial government for its calls for democratisation and reform in the empire. A major influence on the committee was Meiji-era Japan, a backward state that successfully modernised itself without sacrificing its identity. The CUP intended to copy the Japanese example and modernise the Ottoman Empire to end its status as the perpetual "sick man of Europe". The ultimate aim of the CUP was to return the Ottoman Empire to its former status as one of the world’s great powers. Once the party gained power in the Young Turk Revolution in 1908 and consolidated its power in the 1912 "Election of Clubs" and the 1913 Raid on the Sublime Porte, it grew increasingly more splintered and volatile (and after attacks on the empire’s Turkish citizens during the Balkan Wars of 1912–13, nationalist) as its three leaders, Enver Pasha, Talaat Pasha, and Djemal Pasha, formed the triumvirate known as the Three Pashas and gained de facto rule over the Ottoman Empire and the party itself.
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