Behaeddin Shakir

Behaeddin Shakir or Bahaeddin Shakir (Ottoman Turkish: بهاءالدین شاکر‎, Modern Turkish: Bahattin Şakir; 1874, Istanbul – April 17, 1922) was a founding member of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP). At the end of World War I, he was detained with other members of the CUP, first by the local Ottoman court martial and then by the British government. He was then sent to Malta pending military trials for crimes against humanity, which never materialized, and was subsequently exchanged by the British for hostages held by Turkish forces.

The Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF) blamed Behaeddin Shakir for involvement in the Armenian–Azerbaijani War, specifically in the communications between the Azerbaijani political party Musavat and the CUP. In the initial stages of this war, the ARF (Armenian Militia) was engaged in armed confrontation with the Azerbaijani forces during which many Muslims were expelled from Baku or went underground. The tide turned when Enver Pasha of the Ottoman Empire begin to move forward with the newly established Army of Islam. British Major General Lionel Dunsterville ordered the evacuation of the city on September 14, after six weeks of occupation, and withdrew to Iran; most of the Armenian population escaped with the British forces. The Army of Islam and their Azerbaijani allies, led by Nuri Pasha, entered Baku on September 15. However, after the Armistice of Mudros between Great Britain and the Ottoman Empire on October 30, Turkish troops were substituted for those of the Triple Entente. Headed by British general William Thomson, who had declared himself the military governor of Baku, 5,000 Commonwealth soldiers arrived in Baku on November 17, 1918. By General Thomson's order, martial law was implemented in Baku.

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