Cao (state)
| State of Cao | |||||
| 曹國/曹国 | |||||
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| Capital | Táoqiū (陶丘) | ||||
| Languages | Old Chinese | ||||
| Government | Earldom | ||||
| History | |||||
| • | Established | 11th century BC | |||
| • | Disestablished | 487 BC | |||
| Cao | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chinese | 曹 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Cáo |
| Wade–Giles | Ts'ao2 |
| IPA | [tsʰǎu] |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Yale Romanization | Chòuh |
| Jyutping | Cou4 |
| Southern Min | |
| Hokkien POJ | Chô |
| Tâi-lô | Tsô |
| Middle Chinese | |
| Middle Chinese | Dzaw |
| Old Chinese | |
| Baxter-Sagart | *N-tsˤu |
The State of Cao (simplified Chinese: 曹国; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Cáoguó) was a vassal state in China during the Zhou Dynasty (1046–221 BC). The state was founded sometime in the 11th century BC by Caoshu Zhenduo (d. 1053 BC) （曹叔振鐸）, son of King Wen of Zhou and the younger brother of King Wu of Zhou. With its capital at Taoqiu (陶丘), the State of Cao covered roughly the area of modern-day Dingtao County, Shandong Province. It was located on the flat country of the North China Plain about 50 miles east of the point where the current course of the Yellow River changes from east to north-east. To the northwest was Wey, to the northeast Lu and to the southeast Song.
As a result of the Cao’s relative weakness, later generations wrote few records on events concerning the state's history. The only major event recorded in the Records of the Grand Historian during the Western Zhou Dynasty (1046 – 770 BC) was in 826 BC when Count You of Cao was killed by his younger brother Count Dai of Cao.
At the beginning of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (770 BC)，the State of Cao suffered internal upheaval. In 760 BC, Duke Mu of Cao killed his elder brother Count Fei of Cao and appointed himself the eleventh ruler. He was the first ruler of the State of Cao to receive the title of "Duke" (公).
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