Butanal
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| Names | |
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IUPAC name
Butanal
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| Identifiers | |
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3D model (Jmol)
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| ChEBI | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.004.225 |
| KEGG | |
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PubChem CID
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| Properties | |
| C4H8O | |
| Molar mass | 72.11 g/mol |
| Appearance | colorless liquid |
| Odor | pungent, aldehyde odor |
| Density | 0.8016 g/mL |
| Melting point | −96.86 °C (−142.35 °F; 176.29 K) |
| Boiling point | 74.8 °C (166.6 °F; 347.9 K) |
| 7.6 g/100 mL (20 °C) | |
| Solubility | miscible with ethanol, ether, toluene very soluble in acetone, benzene slightly soluble in chloroform |
| log P | 0.88 |
| -46,08·10−6 cm3/mol | |
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Refractive index (nD)
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1.3766 |
| Viscosity | 0.45 cP (20 °C) |
| 2.72 D | |
| Thermochemistry | |
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Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH |
2470.34 kJ/mol |
| Hazards | |
| Safety data sheet | Sigma-Aldrich |
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EU classification (DSD) (outdated)
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Flammable (F) |
| R-phrases (outdated) | R11 |
| S-phrases (outdated) | (S2), S9, S29, S33 |
| NFPA 704 | |
| Flash point | −7 °C (19 °F; 266 K) |
| 230 °C (446 °F; 503 K) | |
| Explosive limits | 1.9–12.5% |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
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LD50 (median dose)
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2490 mg/kg (rat, oral) |
| Related compounds | |
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Related aldehyde
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Propionaldehyde Pentanal |
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Related compounds
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Butan-1-ol Butyric acid, isobutyraldehyde |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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 (what is   ?) |
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| Infobox references | |
Butyraldehyde, also known as butanal, is an organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)2CHO. This compound is the aldehyde derivative of butane. It is a colourless flammable liquid with an acrid smell. It is miscible with most organic solvents.
Butyraldehyde is produced almost exclusively by the hydroformylation of propylene:
Traditionally, hydroformylation was catalyzed by cobalt carbonyl and later rhodium complexes of triphenylphosphine. The dominant technology involves the use of rhodium catalysts derived from the water-soluble ligand Tppts. An aqueous solution of the rhodium catalyst converts the propylene to the aldedyde, which forms a lighter immiscible phase. About 6 billion kilograms are produced annually by hydroformylation.
Butyraldehyde can be produced by the catalytic dehydrogenation of n-butanol. At one time, it was produced industrially by the catalytic hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde, which is derived from acetaldehyde.
Upon prolonged exposure to air, butyraldehyde oxidizes to form butyric acid.
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Wikipedia