Butane
|
|||
|
|||
| Names | |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Preferred IUPAC name
Butane
|
|||
|
Systematic IUPAC name
Tetracarbane (never recommended)
|
|||
| Other names
Butyl hydride
Methylethylmethane Quartane |
|||
| Identifiers | |||
106-97-8 
|
|||
| 3D model (Jmol) | Interactive image | ||
| 969129 | |||
| ChEBI |
CHEBI:37808
|
||
| ChEMBL |
ChEMBL134702
|
||
| ChemSpider |
7555
|
||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.003.136 | ||
| EC Number | 203-448-7 | ||
| E number | E943a (glazing agents, ...) | ||
| 1148 | |||
| KEGG |
D03186
|
||
| MeSH | butane | ||
| PubChem | 7843 | ||
| RTECS number | EJ4200000 | ||
| UNII |
6LV4FOR43R
|
||
| UN number | 1011 | ||
|
|||
|
|||
| Properties | |||
| C4H10 | |||
| Molar mass | 58.12 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | Colorless gas | ||
| Odor | Gasoline-like or natural gas-like | ||
| Density | 2.48 kg/m3 (at 15 °C (59 °F)) | ||
| Melting point | −140 to −134 °C; −220 to −209 °F; 133 to 139 K | ||
| Boiling point | −1 to 1 °C; 30 to 34 °F; 272 to 274 K | ||
| 61 mg L−1 (at 20 °C (68 °F)) | |||
| log P | 2.745 | ||
| Vapor pressure | ~170 kPa at 283 K | ||
|
Henry's law
constant (kH) |
11 nmol Pa−1 kg−1 | ||
| -57.4·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
| Thermochemistry | |||
| 98.49 J K−1 mol−1 | |||
|
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH |
−126.3–−124.9 kJ mol−1 | ||
|
Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH |
−2.8781–−2.8769 MJ mol−1 | ||
| Hazards | |||
| Safety data sheet | See: data page | ||
| GHS pictograms |  |
||
| GHS signal word | DANGER | ||
| H220 | |||
| P210 | |||
|
EU classification (DSD)
|
 F+ |
||
| R-phrases | R12 | ||
| S-phrases | (S2) S16 | ||
| NFPA 704 | |||
| Flash point | −60 °C (−76 °F; 213 K) | ||
| 288 °C (550 °F; 561 K) | |||
| Explosive limits | 1.8–8.4% | ||
| US health exposure limits (NIOSH): | |||
|
PEL (Permissible)
|
none | ||
|
REL (Recommended)
|
TWA 800 ppm (1900 mg/m3) | ||
|
IDLH (Immediate danger)
|
N.D. | ||
| Related compounds | |||
|
Related alkanes
|
|||
|
Related compounds
|
Perfluorobutane | ||
| Supplementary data page | |||
|
Refractive index (n), Dielectric constant (εr), etc. |
|||
|
Thermodynamic
data |
Phase behaviour solid–liquid–gas |
||
| UV, IR, NMR, MS | |||
|
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
|||
 (what is  ?) |
|||
| Infobox references | |||
Butane (/ˈbjuːteɪn/) is an organic compound with the formula C4H10 that is an alkane with four carbon atoms. Butane is a gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The term may refer to either of two structural isomers, n-butane or isobutane (also called "methylpropane"), or to a mixture of these isomers. In the IUPAC nomenclature, however, "butane" refers only to the n-butane isomer (which is the isomer with the unbranched structure). Butanes are highly flammable, colorless, easily liquefied gases. The name butane comes from the roots but- (from butyric acid, named after the Greek word for butter) and -ane.
Rotation about the central C−C bond produces two different conformations (trans and gauche) for n-butane.
When oxygen is plentiful, butane burns to form carbon dioxide and water vapor; when oxygen is limited, carbon (soot) or carbon monoxide may also be formed.
When there is sufficient oxygen:
When oxygen is limited:
The maximum adiabatic flame temperature of butane with air is 2,243 K (1,970 °C; 3,578 °F).
...
Wikipedia