Pentane

Pentane

Names
Preferred IUPAC name Pentane
Other names Quintane
Identifiers
CAS Number	109-66-0 Y
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
Beilstein Reference	969132
ChEBI	CHEBI:37830 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL16102 Y
ChemSpider	7712 Y
DrugBank	DB03119 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.003.358
EC Number	203-692-4
Gmelin Reference	1766
MeSH	pentane
PubChem	8003
RTECS number	RZ9450000
UNII	4FEX897A91 Y
UN number	1265
InChI InChI=1S/C5H12/c1-3-5-4-2/h3-5H2,1-2H3 Y Key: OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
SMILES CCCCC
Properties
Chemical formula	C5H12
Molar mass	72.15 g·mol−1
Appearance	Colourless liquid
Odor	Gasoline-like
Density	0.626 g mL−1
Melting point	−130.5 to −129.1 °C; −202.8 to −200.3 °F; 142.7 to 144.1 K
Boiling point	35.9 to 36.3 °C; 96.5 to 97.3 °F; 309.0 to 309.4 K
Solubility in water	40 mg L−1 (at 20 °C)
log P	3.255
Vapor pressure	57.90 kPa (at 20.0 °C)
Henry's law constant (kH)	7.8 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
Acidity (pKa)	~45
Basicity (pKb)	~59
UV-vis (λmax)	200 nm
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	-63.05·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	1.358
Viscosity	0.240 cP (at 20 °C)
Thermochemistry
Specific heat capacity (C)	167.19 J K−1 mol−1
Std molar entropy (So298)	263.47 J K−1 mol−1
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfHo298)	−174.1–−172.9 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcHo298)	−3.5095–−3.5085 MJ mol−1
Hazards
Safety data sheet	See: data page
GHS pictograms
GHS signal word	DANGER
GHS hazard statements	H225, H304, H336, H411
GHS precautionary statements	P210, P261, P273, P301+310, P331
EU classification (DSD)	F+ Xn N
R-phrases	R12, R51/53, R65, R66, R67
S-phrases	(S2), S16, S29, S33
NFPA 704	4 1 0
Flash point	−49.0 °C (−56.2 °F; 224.2 K)
Autoignition temperature	260.0 °C (500.0 °F; 533.1 K)
Explosive limits	1.5–7.8%
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	3 g kg−1(dermal, rabbit) 5 g kg−1(oral, mouse)
LC50 (median concentration)	130,000 mg/m3 (mouse, 30 min) 128,200 ppm (mouse, 37 min) 325,000 mg/m3 (mouse, 2 hr)
US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 1000 ppm (2950 mg/m3)
REL (Recommended)	TWA 120 ppm (350 mg/m3) C 610 ppm (1800 mg/m3) [15-minute]
IDLH (Immediate danger)	1500 ppm
Related compounds
Related alkanes	Butane Butyl iodide Hexane
Supplementary data page
Structure and properties	Refractive index (n), Dielectric constant (εr), etc.
Thermodynamic data	Phase behaviour solid–liquid–gas
Spectral data	UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Y  (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Pentane is an organic compound with the formula C₅H₁₂ — that is, an alkane with five carbon atoms. The term may refer to any of three structural isomers, or to a mixture of them: in the IUPAC nomenclature, however, pentane means exclusively the n-pentane isomer; the other two are called isopentane (methylbutane) and neopentane (dimethylpropane). Cyclopentane is not an isomer of pentane because it has only 10 hydrogen atoms where pentane has 12.

Pentanes are components of some fuels and are employed as specialty solvents in the laboratory. Their properties are very similar to those of butanes and hexanes.

Pentanes are some of the primary blowing agents used in the production of polystyrene foam and other foams. Usually, a mixture of n-, i-, and increasingly cyclopentane is used for this purpose.

Because of its low boiling point, low cost, and relative safety, pentanes are used as a working medium in geothermal power stations in some blended refrigerants.

Pentanes are also an active ingredient in some pesticides.

Pentanes are relatively inexpensive and are the most volatile liquid alkanes at room temperature, so they are often used in the laboratory as solvents that can be conveniently and rapidly evaporated. However, because of their nonpolarity and lack of functionality, they dissolve only non-polar and alkyl-rich compounds. Pentanes are miscible with most common nonpolar solvents such as chlorocarbons, aromatics, and ethers.