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Isopentane

Isopentane
Skeletal formula of isopentane
Skeletal formula of isopentane with all implicit carbons shown, and all explicit hydrogens added
Ball and stick model of isopentane
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
2-Methylbutane
Other names
Isopentane (no longer recommended)
Identifiers
78-78-4 YesY
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
1730723
ChEBI CHEBI:30362 YesY
ChemSpider 6308 YesY
ECHA InfoCard 100.001.039
EC Number 201-142-8
49318
MeSH isopentane
PubChem 6556
RTECS number EK4430000
UNII ZH67814I0O YesY
UN number 1265
Properties
C5H12
Molar mass 72.15 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless liquid
Odor Odorless
Density 616 mg mL−1
Melting point −161 to −159 °C; −258 to −254 °F; 112 to 114 K
Boiling point 27.8 to 28.2 °C; 81.9 to 82.7 °F; 300.9 to 301.3 K
Vapor pressure 76.992 kPa (at 20 °C)
7.2 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
UV-vis (λmax) 192 nm
1.354
Viscosity 0.214 cP (at 20 °C)
Thermochemistry
164.85 J K−1 mol−1
260.41 J K−1 mol−1
−179.1–−177.3 kJ mol−1
~ 3.3 MJ mol−1, 19,664 Btu/lb
Hazards
GHS pictograms The flame pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) The exclamation-mark pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) The health hazard pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) The environment pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
GHS signal word DANGER
H224, H304, H336, H411
P210, P261, P273, P301+310, P331
Extremely Flammable F+ Harmful Xn Dangerous for the Environment (Nature) N
R-phrases R12, R51/53, R65, R66, R67
S-phrases (S2), S16, S29, S33
NFPA 704
Flammability code 4: Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily. Flash point below 23 °C (73 °F). E.g., propane Health code 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g., turpentine Reactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g., liquid nitrogen Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
Flash point −51 °C (−60 °F; 222 K)
420 °C (788 °F; 693 K)
Explosive limits 1.4–8.3%
Related compounds
Related alkanes
Related compounds
 2-Ethyl-1-butanol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Isopentane, C5H12, also called methylbutane or 2-methylbutane, is a branched-chain alkane with five carbon atoms. Isopentane is an extremely volatile and extremely flammable liquid at room temperature and pressure. The normal boiling point is just a few degrees above room temperature and isopentane will readily boil and evaporate away on a warm day. Isopentane is commonly used in conjunction with liquid nitrogen to achieve a liquid bath temperature of −160 °C. It is 1% or less of natural gas.

The traditional name isopentane was still retained in the 1993 IUPAC recommendations, but is no longer recommended according to the 2013 recommendations. The preferred IUPAC name is the systematic name 2-methylbutane. An isopentyl group is a subset of the generic pentyl group. It has the chemical structure -CH3CH2CH(CH3)2.

Isopentane is one of three structural isomers with the molecular formula C5H12, the others being pentane (n-pentane) and neopentane (dimethyl propane).

Isopentane is used in a closed loop in geothermal power production to drive turbines.

Isopentane is used, in conjunction with dry ice or liquid nitrogen, to freeze tissues for cryosectioning in histology.


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