1.53 g/L (0 °C)
1.81 g/L (9 °C)
1.79 g/L (15 °C)
1.84 g/L (30 °C)
2.26 g/L (61 °C)
3.94 g/L (100 °C)
21.7 g/kg (200 °C, 6.5 MPa)
17.8 g/kg (200 °C, 40 MPa)

Solubility

Soluble in alcohol, CHCl₃, CCl₄, diethyl ether, acetone, acetic acid

Solubility in ethanediol

5.83 g/100 g (20 °C)
6.61 g/100 g (40 °C)
7.61 g/100 g (60 °C)

Solubility in ethanol

20 °C, solution in water:
1.2 mL/L (20% v/v)

Solubility in acetone

20 °C, solution in water:
7.69 mL/L (38.46% v/v)
49.4 mL/L (62.5% v/v)

Solubility in diethylene glycol

52 g/100 g (20 °C)

log P

2.13

Vapor pressure

12.7 kPa (25 °C)
24.4 kPa (40 °C)
181 kPa (100 °C)

UV-vis (λ_max)

255 nm

Magnetic susceptibility (χ)

-54.8·10⁻⁶ cm³/mol

Refractive index (n_D)

1.5011 (20 °C)
1.4948 (30 °C)

Viscosity

0.7528 cP (10 °C)
0.6076 cP (25 °C)
0.4965 cP (40 °C)
0.3075 cP (80 °C)

Structure

Molecular shape

Trigonal planar

Dipole moment

0 D

Thermochemistry

Specific
heat capacity (C)

134.8 J/mol·K

Std molar
entropy (S^o₂₉₈)

173.26 J/mol·K

Std enthalpy of
formation (Δ_fH^o₂₉₈)

48.7 kJ/mol

Std enthalpy of
combustion (Δ_cH^o₂₉₈)

3267.6 kJ/mol

Hazards

Main hazards

potential occupational carcinogen, flammable

Safety data sheet

See: data page
HMDB

GHS pictograms

GHS signal word

Danger

GHS hazard statements

H225, H304, H315, H319, H340, H350, H372

GHS precautionary statements

P201, P210, P301+310, P305+351+338, P308+313, P331

EU classification (DSD)

T
Carc. Cat. 1
Muta. Cat. 2

R-phrases

R45, R46, R11, R16, R36/38,R48/23/24/25, R65

S-phrases

S53, S45

NFPA 704

Flash point

−11.63 °C (11.07 °F; 261.52 K)

Autoignition
temperature

497.78 °C (928.00 °F; 770.93 K)

Explosive limits

1.2–7.8%

Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):

LD₅₀ (median dose)

930 mg/kg (rat, oral)

LC_Lo (lowest published)

44,000 ppm (rabbit, 30 min)
44,923 ppm (dog)
52,308 ppm (cat)
20,000 ppm (human, 5 min)

US health exposure limits (NIOSH):

PEL (Permissible)

TWA 1 ppm, ST 5 ppm

REL (Recommended)

Ca TWA 0.1 ppm ST 1 ppm

IDLH (Immediate danger)

500 ppm

Related compounds

Toluene
Borazine

Supplementary data page

Structure and
properties

Refractive index (n),
Dielectric constant (ε_r), etc.

Thermodynamic
data

Phase behaviour
solid–liquid–gas

Spectral data

UV, IR, NMR, MS

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

(what is ^YN ?)

Infobox references

Benzene is an important organic chemical compound with the chemical formula C₆H₆. The benzene molecule is composed of 6 carbon atoms joined in a ring with 1 hydrogen atom attached to each. Because it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms, benzene is classed as a hydrocarbon.

Benzene is a natural constituent of crude oil and is one of the elementary petrochemicals. Because of the cyclic continuous pi bond between the carbon atoms, benzene is classed as an aromatic hydrocarbon, the second [n]-annulene ([6]-annulene). It is sometimes abbreviated Ph–H. Benzene is a colorless and highly flammable liquid with a sweet smell, and is responsible for the aroma around petrol stations. It is used primarily as a precursor to the manufacture of chemicals with more complex structure, such as ethylbenzene and cumene, of which billions of kilograms are produced. Because benzene has a high octane number, it is an important component of gasoline.

Because benzene is a human carcinogen, most non-industrial applications have been limited.

The word "benzene" derives historically from "gum benzoin" (benzoin resin), an aromatic resin known to European pharmacists and perfumers since the 15th century as a product of southeast Asia. An acidic material was derived from benzoin by sublimation, and named "flowers of benzoin", or benzoic acid. The hydrocarbon derived from benzoic acid thus acquired the name benzin, benzol, or benzene.Michael Faraday first isolated and identified benzene in 1825 from the oily residue derived from the production of illuminating gas, giving it the name bicarburet of hydrogen. In 1833, Eilhard Mitscherlich produced it by distilling benzoic acid (from gum benzoin) and lime. He gave the compound the name benzin. In 1836, the French chemist Auguste Laurent named the substance "phène"; this word has become the root of the English word "phenol", which is hydroxylated benzene, and "phenyl", the radical formed by abstraction of a hydrogen atom (free radical H•) from benzene.

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Wikipedia