Battle of Fei River
| Battle of Fei River | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
| Former Qin | Eastern Jin dynasty | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
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Fu Jiān (Emperor Xuanzhao of Former Qin), Fu Rong † |
Xie An, Xie Xuan, Xie Shi (謝石), Xie Yan (謝琰), Huan Chong, Huan Yi (桓伊) |
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| Strength | |||||||||
| Jin Shu records 870,000 | 80,000 elite Beifu troops | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| Jin Shu records 700,000+ | minimal | ||||||||
The Battle of Fei River or “Feishui” (simplified Chinese: 淝水之战; traditional Chinese: 淝水之戰; pinyin: Féishŭi zhī zhàn) was a battle in 383, where Fu Jiān (Chinese: 苻堅) of the Di Former Qin Empire was decisively defeated by the numerically inferior Jin (Han Chinese-led) army of Eastern Jin. (The location of the battle, the Fei River, no longer exists, but is believed to have flowed through modern Lu'an, Anhui, near the Huai River). The battle is considered to be one of the most significant battles in the history of China. The aftermath of the battle includes the Former Qin empire falling into massive civil war and its eventual destruction, ensuring the survival of Eastern Jin and other Chinese regimes south of the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang).
The state of Former Qin, led by ethnic Di (氐) tribesmen, rose rapidly from a string of successes in the 350s. Fu Jiān, nephew of the founder Fu Jiàn, was a vigorous leader of tremendous drive and ambition. In 370 he conquered the state of Former Yan and in 373 seized modern Sichuan and Chongqing from Jin. In 379 the strategically important city of Xiangyang, gateway to the Middle Yangtze, fell to Qin. By 381 he had conquered all of north China and was preparing for an invasion of the south.
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