Fu Jiàn
| Fú Jiān | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heavenly Prince of Great Qin | |||||||||||||
| Reign | 357-385 | ||||||||||||
| Prince of Donghai | |||||||||||||
| Reign | 354-357 | ||||||||||||
| Born | 338 | ||||||||||||
| Died | October 16, 385 (aged 47) | ||||||||||||
| Spouse |
Empress Gou |
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| Issue | Fu Pi, Emperor Aiping | ||||||||||||
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| Father | Fu Xiong, Prince of Donghai | ||||||||||||
| Mother | Princess Consort Gou | ||||||||||||
| Full name | |
|---|---|
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Family name: Fu (苻; fú) Given name: Jian (堅/坚, jiān) |
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| Posthumous name | |
| Xuanzhao (宣昭, xuān zhāo), literary meaning: "responsible and accomplished" |
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| Temple name | |
| Shizu (世祖, shì zǔ) |
Fú Jiān (Chinese: 苻堅/苻坚; 337–385), courtesy name Yonggu (永固) or Wenyu (文玉), formally Emperor Xuanzhao of (Former) Qin ((前)秦宣昭帝), was an emperor (who, however, used the title "Heavenly Prince" (Tian Wang) during his reign) of the Chinese/Di state Former Qin, under whose rule (assisted by his able prime minister Wang Meng) the Former Qin state reached its greatest glory—destroying Former Yan, Former Liang, and Dai and seizing Jin's Yi Province (益州, modern Sichuan and Chongqing), posturing to destroy Jin as well to unite China, until he was repelled at the Battle of Fei River in 383. For a variety of reasons, the Former Qin state soon collapsed after that defeat, and Fú Jiān himself was killed by his former subordinate, Yao Chang the founding emperor of Later Qin, in 385.
Fú Jiān was born in 337, when the family name was still Pu (蒲), to Fu Xiong (苻雄) and his wife Lady Gou. His grandfather Pu Hong (蒲洪) was a Di chieftain and a major general for Later Zhao, serving under the violent emperor Shi Hu, who did however accord Pu great respect. Later, during Later Zhao's collapse, Pu Hong changed his name to Fu Hong, and planned a conquest of the Guanzhong region, but was poisoned by the general Ma Qiu (麻秋). He was succeeded by his son, Fú Jiān's uncle Fu Jiàn, who did advance west and conquer the Guanzhong region and the surrounding provinces. In this, he was ably assisted by Fú Jiān's father Fu Xiong, whom he created the Prince of Donghai. In 354, while on a campaign, Fu Xiong died. As the son of Fu Xiong's wife, Fú Jiān inherited the title of Prince of Donghai, even though he had at least one older brother, Fu Fa (苻法), who was created the Prince of Qinghe. Fú Jiān developed the reputation of being filial and far-sighted, as well as being knowledgeable and able.
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