Former Yan
| Former Yan (前燕) | ||||||||||||
| 燕 | ||||||||||||
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| Capital | Jicheng (棘城) (337-341) Longcheng (341-350) Jicheng (薊城) (350-357) Yecheng (357-370) |
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| Government | Monarchy | |||||||||||
| Emperor | ||||||||||||
| • | 337-348 | Murong Huang | ||||||||||
| • | 348-360 | Murong Jun | ||||||||||
| • | 360-370 | Murong Wei | ||||||||||
| History | ||||||||||||
| • | Murong Huang's claim of princely title | 23 November 337 337 | ||||||||||
| • | Murong Jun's claim of imperial title | 4 January 353 | ||||||||||
| • | Fall of Yecheng | 11 December 370 | ||||||||||
| • | Disestablished | 370 | ||||||||||
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The Former Yan (Chinese: 前燕; pinyin: Qiányàn; 337-370) was a state of Xianbei ethnicity during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China.
Initially, Murong Huang and his son Murong Jun claimed the Jin Dynasty (265-420)-created title "Prince of Yan," but subsequently, in 352, after seizing most of the former Later Zhao territory, Murong Jun would declare himself emperor, and after that point, the rulers of the Former Yan declared themselves "emperors".
During the winter of 342, the Xianbei of Former Yan, ruled by the Murong clan, attacked and destroyed Goguryeo's capital, Hwando, capturing 50,000 Goguryeo men and women to use as slave labor in addition to taking the queen mother and queen prisoner, and forced King Gogukwon to flee for a while. The Xianbei also devastated Buyeo in 346, accelerating Buyeo migration to the Korean peninsula.
Their capital was Yen (Beijing) in 350, then Ye (Changteh) in 357, and finally Loyang in 364.
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