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Balkan Front

Balkans Theatre
Part of World War I
Death in the snow.jpg
A dead Serbian soldier in the snow, Albania 1915
Date 3 August 1914 – 11 November 1918
Location Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, Albania, Montenegro
Result Allied Victory
Treaty of Bucharest
Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine
Belligerents

Central Powers

 Austria-Hungary
 Bulgaria
 Ottoman Empire
 Germany

Allied Powers

 Serbia
 Montenegro
 Russia
British Empire British Empire
France France
 Italy
 Romania
Greece Greece
Commanders and leaders
Austria-Hungary Conrad von Hötzendorf
Austria-Hungary Oskar Potiorek
Kingdom of Bulgaria Nikola Zhekov
Kingdom of Bulgaria Georgi Todorov
Kingdom of Bulgaria Vladimir Vazov
Kingdom of Bulgaria Stefan Toshev
German Empire Paul von Hindenburg
German Empire Erich von Falkenhayn
German Empire August von Mackensen
Kingdom of Serbia Radomir Putnik
Kingdom of Serbia Živojin Mišić
Kingdom of Serbia Stepa Stepanović
Kingdom of Serbia Petar Bojović
Kingdom of Montenegro Janko Vukotić
Russian Empire Aleksei Brusilov
France Louis Franchet d'Esperey
France Maurice Sarrail
United Kingdom George Milne
Kingdom of Italy Luigi Cadorna
Kingdom of Italy Armando Diaz
Romania Constantin Prezan
Kingdom of Greece Panagiotis Danglis
Strength
Kingdom of Bulgaria 1,200,000 Kingdom of Serbia 707,343
Kingdom of Montenegro 50,000
France 300,000
United Kingdom 404,207
Romania 658,088
Greece 230,000
Casualties and losses
Austria-Hungary 360,000+
Kingdom of Bulgaria 267,000
87,500 killed
152,930 wounded
27,029 missing/captured
German Empire 203,000+
Ottoman Empire 25,000
Kingdom of Serbia 481,000
278,000 killed
133,000 wounded
70,000 captured
Romania 535,700
335,706 dead
120,000 wounded
80,000 captured
Russian Empire ?
France ?
United Kingdom 30,000
9,668 killed
16,637 wounded
2,778 missing/captured
Kingdom of Greece 27,000
5,000 killed
21,000 wounded
1,000 captured
Kingdom of Montenegro 23,000
13,325 killed/missing
~10,000 wounded
Kingdom of Italy ?

Central Powers

Allied Powers

The Balkans Campaign, or Balkan Theatre of World War I was fought between the Central Powers, represented by Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Germany and the Ottoman Empire on one side and the Allies, represented by France, Montenegro, Russia, Serbia, and the United Kingdom (and later Romania and Greece, who sided with the Allied Powers) on the other side.

The prime cause of World War I was the hostility between Serbia and Austria-Hungary. Consequently, some of the earliest fighting took place between Serbia and Austria-Hungary. Serbia held out against Austria-Hungary for more than a year before it was conquered in late 1915.

Dalmatia was a strategic region during World War I that both Italy and Serbia intended to seize from Austria-Hungary. Italy entered the war in 1915 upon agreeing to the Treaty of London that guaranteed Italy a substantial portion of Dalmatia.

Allied diplomacy was able to bring Romania into the war in 1916 but this proved disastrous for the Romanians. Shortly after they joined the war, a combined German, Austrian and Bulgarian offensive conquered two-thirds of their country in a rapid campaign which ended in December 1916. However, the Romanian and Russian armies managed to stabilize the front and hold on to Moldavia.

In 1917, Greece entered the war on the Allied side, and in 1918, the multi-national Allied Army of the Orient, based in northern Greece, finally launched an offensive which drove Bulgaria to seek peace, recaptured Serbia and finally halted only at the border of Hungary in November 1918.


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