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Armenian-Azerbaijani War

Armenian–Azerbaijani War
Part of World War I and the Russian Civil War
Date 30 March 1918–28 November 1920
(2 years, 7 months, 4 weeks and 1 day)
Location Armenia and Azerbaijan
Result Soviet victory; Sovietization of Armenia and Azerbaijan
Territorial
changes
Disputes over Karabakh and Nakhichevan settled in favor of Soviet Azerbaijan; Zangezur gained by Soviet Armenia
Belligerents
Armenia First Republic of Armenia
Armenia Republic of Mountainous Armenia
Armenian militia

Battle of Baku only:
United Kingdom United Kingdom
Centrocaspian Dictatorship
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Democratic Republic

 Ottoman Empire

After April 1920:
 Russian SFSR
Turkey Turkish Revolutionaries
Azerbaijan SSR
Commanders and leaders
Armenia Andranik Ozanian
Armenia Drastamat Kanayan
United Kingdom Lionel Dunsterville
Azerbaijan Samedbey Mehmandarov
Azerbaijan Khosrov bey Sultanov
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Anatoliy Gekker
Strength
United Kingdom Dunsterforce (1,000 elite British troops) Unknown

The Armenian–Azerbaijani War, which started after the Russian Revolution, was a series of brutal and hard-to-classify conflicts in 1918, then from 1920–22 that occurred during the brief independence of Armenia and Azerbaijan and afterwards. Most of the conflicts did not have a principal pattern with a standard armed structure. The Ottoman Empire and British Empire were involved in different capacities: the Ottoman Empire left the region after the Armistice of Mudros but British influence continued until Dunsterforce was pulled back in the 1920s. The conflicts involved civilians in the disputed districts of Kazakh-Shamshadin, Zanghezur, Nakhchivan and Karabakh. The use of guerrilla and semi-guerrilla operations was the main reason for the high civilian casualties, which occurred during the nation-building activities of the newly established states.

The reasons behind the conflict are still far from being resolved after nearly a century. The story of this campaign has very different perceptions from Armenian and Azerbaijani viewpoints. According to Armenian historians, the First Republic of Armenia aimed to include Nakhchivan among the basic (Eastern Armenian) territories of the Erivan Governorate, as well as the eastern and southern parts of the Elisabethpol Governorate.

The first clashes between the Armenians and Azeris took place in Baku in February 1905. Soon the conflict spilled over to other parts of the Caucasus, and on August 5, 1905, the first conflict between the Armenian and Azeri population of Shusha took place.


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