Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası
Flag of Azerbaijan Emblem of Azerbaijan
Anthem of Azerbaijan: Azərbaycan marşı
Location of Nakhchivan in the Armenian Highlands.
Capital and largest city	Nakhchivan
Official languages	Azerbaijani
Government	Autonomous republic
• Parliamentary Chairman	Vasif Talibov
Legislature	Supreme Assembly
Autonomy
• Establishment of the Nakhchivan ASSR	February 9, 1924
• Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic	November 17, 1990
Area
• Total	5,500 km2 (2,100 sq mi)
• Water (%)	negligible
Population
• 2015 estimate	439,800
• Density	77/km2 (199.4/sq mi)
HDI (2014)	0.772 high
Currency	Azerbaijani manat (AZN)
Time zone	Azerbaijan Time (UTC+4)
Calling code	+994 36

Ethnic groups in Nakhchivan
Year	Azerbaijanis	%	Armenians	%	Others 1	%	TOTAL
1828	2,0242	55.3	1,6323	44.7			3,656
1831	17,1382	56.1	13,3424	43.7	27	1.2	30,507
1896	49,425	56.9	36,671	42.2	583	0.7	86,878
18975	64,151	63.7	34,672	34.4	1,948	1.9	100,771
1917	81,1002	60	53,900	40			135,000
1926	88,433	84.3	11,276	10.8	4,947	4.7	104,656
1939	108,529	85.7	13,350	10.5	4,817		126,696
1959	127,508	90.2	9,519	6.7	4,334	3.1	141,361
1970	189,679	93.8	5,828	2.9	6,680	3.3	202,187
1979	229,968	95.6	3,406	1.4	7,085	2.9	240,459
1989	281,807	95.9	1,858	0.6	10,210	3.5	293,875
1999	350,806	99.6	17	0	3,249	0.9	354,072
2009	396,709	99.6	6	0	1,608	0.4	398,323
1 Russians, Kurds, Turks, Ukrainians, Georgians, Persians etc. 2 Azerbaijanis combined with other Muslims. 3 of those 404 (11.1%) are local and 1,228 (33.6%) are newly settled. 4 of those 2,690 (8.7%) are local and 10,652 (34.9%) are newly settled. 5 according to mother tongue.

The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (Azerbaijani: Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası) is a landlocked exclave of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The region covers 5,500 km² (2,100 sq mi) with a population of 410,000, bordering Armenia (length of frontier 221 km [137 mi]) to the east and north, Iran (179 km [111 mi]) to the south and west, and Turkey (only 8 km [5.0 mi]) to the northwest.

The area that is now Nakhchivan became part of the Safavid dynasty of Iran in the 16th century. In 1828, after the last Russo-Persian War and the Treaty of Turkmenchay, the Nakhchivan Khanate passed from Iranian into Imperial Russian possession. After the 1917 February Revolution, Nakhchivan and its surrounding region were under the authority of the Special Transcaucasian Committee of the Russian Provisional Government and subsequently of the short-lived Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic. When the TDFR was dissolved in May 1918, Nakhchivan, Nagorno-Karabakh, Zangezur (today the Armenian province of Syunik), and Qazakh were heavily contested between the newly formed and short-lived states of the Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA) and the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR). In June 1918, the region came under Ottoman occupation. Under the terms of the Armistice of Mudros, the Ottomans agreed to pull their troops out of the Transcaucasus to make way for British occupation at the close of the First World War. In July 1920, the Bolsheviks occupied the region and on July 28, declared the Nakhchivan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic with "close ties" to the Azerbaijan SSR, beginning seventy years of Soviet rule. In January 1990 Nakhchivan declared independence from the USSR to protest against the suppression of the national movement in Azerbaijan, and became the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic within the newly independent Republic of Azerbaijan a year later.