7.62x54mmR

7.62×54mmR
Examples of 7.62×54mmR ammunition. The photo shows, reading from left to right: Sellier & Bellot hollow point boat tail; "Czech silver tip", mild steel core, light ball; Hungarian silver/yellow-tip, mild steel core, heavy ball; Wolf Ammunition Gold soft-point; USSR 1986 steel core light ball, Factory 60. [1]; Yugoslav surplus (1953); USSR 1940s lead core light ball [2]
Type	Rifle
Place of origin	Russian Empire
Service history
In service	1891–present
Used by	Russian Empire Soviet Union Russian Federation Albania Cambodia Cuba Finland Laos North Korea China Vietnam Warsaw Pact others
Wars	Boxer Rebellion Russo-Japanese War World War I Russian Civil War Soviet–Japanese border conflicts Winter War World War II Korean War Vietnam War Laotian Civil War Cambodian Civil War Cambodian-Vietnamese War Soviet war in Afghanistan Yugoslav wars Gulf War War in Afghanistan Iraq War Cambodian–Thai border dispute Russia–Georgia war Libyan Civil War Syrian civil war 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine Yemeni Civil War (2015-present) Saudi-led intervention in Yemen (2015-present) and many others
Production history
Designed	1891
Produced	1891–present
Specifications
Parent case	8×52mmR Mannlicher
Case type	Rimmed, Bottleneck
Bullet diameter	7.92 mm (0.312 in)
Neck diameter	8.53 mm (0.336 in)
Shoulder diameter	11.61 mm (0.457 in)
Base diameter	12.37 mm (0.487 in)
Rim diameter	14.40 mm (0.567 in)
Rim thickness	1.6 mm (0.063 in)
Case length	53.72 mm (2.115 in)
Overall length	77.16 mm (3.038 in)
Case capacity	4.16 cm3 (64.2 gr H2O)
Rifling twist	240 mm (1 in 9.45 in)
Primer type	Berdan or Boxer Large Rifle
Maximum pressure	390.00 MPa (56,565 psi)
Ballistic performance
Bullet mass/type Velocity Energy 11.3 g (174 gr) HPBT 797 m/s (2,610 ft/s) 3,593 J (2,650 ft·lbf) 11.7 g (181 gr) FMJ 786 m/s (2,580 ft/s) 3,614 J (2,666 ft·lbf) 11.7 g (181 gr) SP 800 m/s (2,600 ft/s) 3,744 J (2,761 ft·lbf) 9.7 g (150 gr) FMJ 865 m/s (2,840 ft/s) 3,629 J (2,677 ft·lbf) 11.7 g (181 gr) SP 805 m/s (2,640 ft/s) 3,779 J (2,787 ft·lbf)
Test barrel length: 73 cm (28 in) Source(s):

The 7.62×54mmR (aka 7.62 Russian) is a rimmed rifle cartridge developed by the Russian Empire and introduced as a service cartridge in 1891. Originally designed for the bolt-action Mosin–Nagant rifle, it was used during the late Tsarist era and throughout the Soviet period to the present day. The cartridge remains one of the few standard-issue rimmed cartridges still in military use and has the longest service life of all military-issued cartridges in the world.

The American Winchester Model 1895 was also chambered for this cartridge per a contract with the Russian government. The 7.62×54mmR is still in use by the Russian military in the Dragunov and other sniper rifles, as well as some modern general-purpose machine guns like the PKM and Pecheneg machine gun. Originally, the round was designated as "Трехлинейный патрон образца 1891 года" – (Three-line cartridge model of 1891). It then became widely known under the designation "7,62мм винтовочный патрон" (7.62mm rifle cartridge). The round has erroneously come to be known as the "7.62mm Russian" (and is still often referred to as such colloquially), but, according to standards, the "R" in designation (7.62×54mmR) stands for Rimmed, in line with standard C.I.P. designations. The name is sometimes confused with the "7.62 Soviet" round, which refers to the rimless 7.62×39mm cartridge used in the SKS and AK-based (AK-47, AK-15, AEK-973) rifles.