AK-47
| AK-47 | |
|---|---|
AK-47 with 6H2 bayonet
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| Type | Assault rifle |
| Place of origin | Soviet Union |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1949–present (worldwide) 1949–1978 (Soviet Union) |
| Used by | See Users |
| Wars | |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Mikhail Kalashnikov |
| Designed | 1946–1948 |
| Manufacturer | Kalashnikov Concern and various others including Norinco |
| Produced | 1949–1959 |
| No. built | ≈ 75 million AK-47s, 100 million Kalashnikov-family weapons. |
| Variants | See Variants |
| Specifications | |
| Weight | Without magazine: 3.47 kg (7.7 lb) Magazine, empty: 0.43 kg (0.95 lb) (early issue) 0.33 kg (0.73 lb) (steel) 0.25 kg (0.55 lb) (plastic) 0.17 kg (0.37 lb) (light alloy) |
| Length | Fixed wooden stock: 880 mm (35 in) 875 mm (34.4 in) folding stock extended 645 mm (25.4 in) stock folded |
| Barrel length | Overall length: 415 mm (16.3 in) Rifled bore length: 369 mm (14.5 in) |
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| Cartridge | 7.62×39mm |
| Action | Gas-operated, rotating bolt |
| Rate of fire | Cyclic rate of fire: 600 rds/min Combat rate of fire: Semi-auto 40 rds/min Bursts 100 rds/min |
| Muzzle velocity | 715 m/s (2,350 ft/s) |
| Effective firing range | 350 m (380 yd) |
| Feed system | 30-round detachable box magazine There are also 5- 10-, 20- and 40-round box and 75- and 100-round drum magazines available |
| Sights | 100–800 m adjustable iron sights Sight radius: 378 mm (14.9 in) |
The AK-47, or AK as it is officially known (also known as the Kalashnikov) is a selective-fire (semi-automatic and automatic), gas-operated 7.62×39 mm assault rifle, developed in the Soviet Union by Mikhail Kalashnikov. It is officially known in the Soviet documentation as Avtomat Kalashnikova (Russian: Автомат Калашникова).
Design work on the AK-47 began in the last year of World War II (1945). In 1946, the AK-47 was presented for official military trials, and in 1948, the fixed-stock version was introduced into active service with selected units of the Soviet Army. An early development of the design was the AKS (S—Skladnoy or "folding"), which was equipped with an underfolding metal . In the spring of 1949, the AK-47 was officially accepted by the Soviet Armed Forces and used by the majority of the member states of the Warsaw Pact.
Even after almost seven decades, the model and its variants remain the most popular and widely used assault rifles in the world because of their substantial reliability under harsh conditions, low production costs compared to contemporary Western weapons, availability in virtually every geographic region and ease of use. The AK-47 has been manufactured in many countries and has seen service with armed forces as well as irregular forces worldwide, and was the basis for developing many other types of individual and crew-served firearms. As of 2004, "Of the estimated 500 million firearms worldwide, approximately 100 million belong to the Kalashnikov family, three-quarters of which are AK-47s".
During World War II, the Sturmgewehr 44 assault rifle used by German forces made a deep impression on their Soviet counterparts. The select-fire rifle was chambered for a new intermediate cartridge, the 7.92×33mm Kurz, and combined the firepower of a submachine gun with the range and accuracy of a rifle. On 15 July 1943, an earlier model of the Sturmgewehr was demonstrated before the People's Commissariat of Arms of the USSR. The Soviets were impressed with the weapon and immediately set about developing an intermediate caliber automatic rifle of their own, to replace the PPSh-41 submachine guns and outdated Mosin–Nagant bolt-action rifles that armed most of the Soviet Army.
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Wikipedia