1952 Egyptian revolution

Egyptian revolution of 1952
The leaders of the revolution, Muhammad Naguib (left) and Gamal Abdel Nasser (right) in a Cadillac
Date July 23, 1952 Location Egypt Result Overthrow, abdication, and exile of King Farouk End of rule of the Muhammad Ali dynasty Establishment of the Republic of Egypt End of British occupation of Egypt Beginning of the Nasser era Revolutionary wave across the Arab world Territorial changes Independence of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.
Belligerents
Kingdom of Egypt	Free Officers Movement
Commanders and leaders
King Farouk I Ahmed Naguib El-Hilali, prime-minister	Muhammad Naguib Gamal Abdel Nasser Anwar Sadat

Overthrow, abdication, and exile of King Farouk

The Egyptian revolution of 1952 (Arabic: ثورة 23 يوليو 1952‎‎), also known as the July 23 revolution, began on July 23, 1952, by the Free Officers Movement, a group of army officers led by Muhammad Naguib and Gamal Abdel Nasser. The revolution was initially aimed at overthrowing King Faruq. However, the movement had more political ambitions, and soon moved to abolish the constitutional monarchy and aristocracy of Egypt and Sudan, establish a republic, end the British occupation of the country, and secure the independence of Sudan (previously governed as an Anglo-Egyptian condominium). The revolutionary government adopted a staunchly nationalist, anti-imperialist agenda, which came to be expressed chiefly through Arab nationalism, and international non-alignment.

The revolution was faced with immediate threats from Western imperial powers, particularly the United Kingdom, which had occupied Egypt since 1882, and France, both of whom were wary of rising nationalist sentiment in territories under their control throughout the Arab world, and Africa. The ongoing state of war with Israel also posed a serious challenge, as the Free Officers increased Egypt's already strong support of the Palestinians. These two issues conflated four years after the revolution when Egypt was invaded by Britain, France, and Israel in the Suez Crisis of 1956. Despite enormous military losses, the war was seen as a political victory for Egypt, especially as it left the Suez Canal in uncontested Egyptian control for the first time since 1875, erasing what was seen as a mark of national humiliation. This strengthened the appeal of the revolution in other Arab and African countries.

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