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1-Propanol

1-Propanol
Ball and stick model of 1-propanol
Names
IUPAC name
Propan-1-ol
Other names
  • n-Propyl alcohol
  • n-Propanol
  • n-PrOH
  • Ethylcarbinol
  • 1-Hydroxypropane
  • Propionic alcohol
  • Propionyl alcohol
  • Propionylol
  • Propyl alcohol
  • Propylic alcohol
  • Propylol
Identifiers
71-23-8 YesY
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
3DMet B00883
1098242
ChEBI CHEBI:28831 YesY
ChEMBL ChEMBL14687 YesY
ChemSpider 1004 YesY
DrugBank DB03175 YesY
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.679
EC Number 200-746-9
25616
KEGG C05979 N
MeSH 1-Propanol
PubChem 1031
RTECS number UH8225000
UNII 96F264O9SV YesY
UN number 1274
Properties
C3H8O
Molar mass 60.10 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless liquid
Odor mild, alcohol-like
Density .803 g/mL
Melting point −126 °C; −195 °F; 147 K
Boiling point 97 to 98 °C; 206 to 208 °F; 370 to 371 K
miscible
log P 0.329
Vapor pressure 1.99 kPa (at 20 °C)
Acidity (pKa) 16
Basicity (pKb) −2
-45.176·10−6 cm3/mol
1.387
Viscosity 1.959 mPa·s (at 25 °C)
1.68 D
Thermochemistry
143.96 J K−1 mol−1
192.8 J K−1 mol−1
−302.79–−302.29 kJ mol−1
−2.02156–−2.02106 MJ mol−1
Pharmacology
D08AX03 (WHO)
Hazards
GHS pictograms The flame pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) The corrosion pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) The exclamation-mark pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
GHS signal word DANGER
H225, H318, H336
P210, P261, P280, P305+351+338
Highly Flammable F Irritant Xi
R-phrases R11, R41, R67
S-phrases (S2), S7, S16, S24, S26, S39
NFPA 704
Flammability code 3: Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Flash point between 23 and 38 °C (73 and 100 °F). E.g., gasoline) Health code 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g., turpentine Reactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g., liquid nitrogen Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
Flash point 22 °C (72 °F; 295 K)
371 °C (700 °F; 644 K)
Explosive limits 2.2% - 13.7%
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)
 2800 mg/kg (rabbit, oral)
6800 mg/kg (mouse, oral)
1870 mg/kg (rat, oral)
US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 200 ppm (500 mg/m3)
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 200 ppm (500 mg/m3) ST 250 ppm (625 mg/m3) [skin]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 800 ppm
Related compounds
Related compounds
 Butane
Propanamine
Ethanol
Butanol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

1-Propanol, is a primary alcohol with the formula CH3CH2CH2OH (sometimes represented as PrOH or n-PrOH). This colorless liquid is also known as propan-1-ol, 1-propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, and n-propanol. It is an isomer of isopropanol (2-propanol, isopropyl alcohol). It is formed naturally in small amounts during many fermentation processes and used as a solvent in the pharmaceutical industry mainly for resins and cellulose esters.

1-Propanol shows the normal reactions of a primary alcohol. Thus it can be converted to alkyl halides; for example red phosphorus and iodine produce n-propyl iodide in 80% yield, while PCl3 with catalytic ZnCl2 gives 1-chloropropane. Reaction with acetic acid in the presence of an H2SO4 catalyst under Fischer esterification conditions gives propyl acetate, while refluxing propanol overnight with formic acid alone can produce propyl formate in 65% yield. Oxidation of 1-propanol with Na2Cr2O7 and H2SO4 gives only a 36% yield of propionaldehyde, and therefore for this type of reaction higher yielding methods using PCC or the Swern oxidation are recommended. Oxidation with chromic acid yields propionic acid.


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