Isopropanol

Isopropyl alcohol

Names
Preferred IUPAC name Propan-2-ol
Other names 2-Propanol Isopropanol (incorrect) Rubbing alcohol sec-Propyl alcohol s-Propanol iPrOH Dimethyl carbinol IPA
Identifiers
CAS Number	67-63-0 Y
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
Beilstein Reference	635639
ChEBI	CHEBI:17824 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL582 Y
ChemSpider	3644 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.601
Gmelin Reference	1464
KEGG	D00137 Y
PubChem	3776
RTECS number	NT8050000
UNII	ND2M416302 Y
UN number	1219
InChI InChI=1S/C3H8O/c1-3(2)4/h3-4H,1-2H3 Y Key: KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
SMILES CC(O)C
Properties
Chemical formula	C3H8O
Molar mass	60.10 g·mol−1
Appearance	Colorless liquid
Density	0.786 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting point	−89 °C (−128 °F; 184 K)
Boiling point	82.6 °C (180.7 °F; 355.8 K)
Solubility in water	miscible in water
Solubility	miscible in benzene, chloroform, ethanol, ether, glycerin soluble in acetone
Acidity (pKa)	16.5
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	-45.794·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	1.3776
Viscosity	2.86 cP at 15 °C 1.96 cP at 25 °C 1.77 cP at 30 °C
Dipole moment	1.66 D (gas)
Pharmacology
ATC code	D08AX05 (WHO)
Hazards
Main hazards	Flammable
Safety data sheet	See: data page External MSDS
GHS pictograms
GHS signal word	Danger
GHS hazard statements	H225, H319, H336
GHS precautionary statements	P210, P261, P305+351+338
EU classification (DSD)	Highly flammable (F), Irritating (Xi)
R-phrases	R11 R36 R67
S-phrases	S7 S16 S24 S25 S26
NFPA 704	3 1 0
Flash point	Open cup: 11.7 °C (53.1 °F; 284.8 K) Closed cup: 13 °C (55 °F)
Autoignition temperature	399 °C (750 °F; 672 K)
Explosive limits	2–12.7%
Threshold limit value	980 mg/m3 (TWA), 1225 mg/m3 (STEL)
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	12800 mg/kg (dermal, rabbit) 3600 mg/kg (oral, mouse) 5045 mg/kg (oral, rat) 6410 mg/kg (oral, rabbit)
LC50 (median concentration)	53000 mg/m3 (inhalation, mouse) 12,000 ppm (rat, 8 hr)
LCLo (lowest published)	16,000 ppm (rat, 4 hr) 12,800 ppm (mouse, 3 hr)
US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 400 ppm (980 mg/m3)
REL (Recommended)	TWA 400 ppm (980 mg/m3) ST 500 ppm (1225 mg/m3)
IDLH (Immediate danger)	2000 ppm
Related compounds
Related alcohols	1-Propanol, ethanol, 2-butanol
Supplementary data page
Structure and properties	Refractive index (n), Dielectric constant (εr), etc.
Thermodynamic data	Phase behaviour solid–liquid–gas
Spectral data	UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Y  (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Isopropyl alcohol (IUPAC name propan-2-ol), also called isopropanol or dimethyl carbinol, is a compound with the chemical formula C₃H₈O or C₃H₇OH or CH₃CHOHCH₃ (sometimes represented as i-PrOH). It is a colorless, flammable chemical compound with a strong odor. As a propyl group linked to a hydroxyl group, it is the simplest example of a secondary alcohol, where the alcohol carbon atom is attached to two other carbon atoms, sometimes shown as (CH₃)₂CHOH. It is a structural isomer of 1-propanol. It has a wide variety of industrial and household uses.

Isopropyl alcohol is miscible in water, ethanol, ether, and chloroform. It will dissolve ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl butyral, many oils, alkaloids, gums and natural resins. Unlike ethanol or methanol, isopropyl alcohol is not miscible with salt solutions and can be separated from aqueous solutions by adding a salt such as sodium chloride. The process is colloquially called salting out, and causes concentrated isopropyl alcohol to separate into a distinct layer.

Isopropyl alcohol forms an azeotrope with water, which gives a boiling point of 80.37 °C (176.67 °F) and a composition of 87.7 wt% (91 vol%) isopropyl alcohol. Water-isopropyl alcohol mixtures have depressed melting points. It has a slightly bitter taste, and is not safe to drink.