Sulfuric acid

Sulfuric acid

Space-filling model Ball-and-stick model
Names
IUPAC name Sulfuric acid
Other names Oil of vitriol, hydrogen sulfate
Identifiers
CAS Number	7664-93-9 Y
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:26836 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL572964 Y
ChemSpider	1086 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.028.763
EC Number	231-639-5
E number	E513 (acidity regulators, ...)
Gmelin Reference	2122
KEGG	D05963 Y
PubChem	1118
RTECS number	WS5600000
UNII	O40UQP6WCF Y
UN number	1830
InChI InChI=1S/H2O4S/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H2,1,2,3,4) Y Key: QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y InChI=1/H2O4S/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H2,1,2,3,4) Key: QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYAC
SMILES OS(=O)(=O)O
Properties
Chemical formula	H 2SO 4
Molar mass	98.079 g/mol
Appearance	Clear, colorless liquid
Odor	odorless
Density	1.84 g/cm3, liquid
Melting point	10 °C (50 °F; 283 K)
Boiling point	337 °C (639 °F; 610 K) When sulfuric acid is above 300 °C (572 °F), it will decompose slowly
Solubility in water	miscible
Vapor pressure	0.001 mmHg (20 °C)
Acidity (pKa)	−3, 1.99
Viscosity	26.7 cP (20 °C)
Thermochemistry
Std molar entropy (So298)	157 J·mol−1·K−1
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfHo298)	−814 kJ·mol−1
Hazards
Safety data sheet	External MSDS
GHS pictograms
GHS signal word	Danger
GHS hazard statements	H314
GHS precautionary statements	P260, P264, P280, P301+330+331, P303+361+353, P363, P304+340, P305+351+338, P310, P321, P310, P405, P501
EU classification (DSD)	C
R-phrases	R35
S-phrases	(S1/2) S26 S30 S45
NFPA 704	0 3 2 W
Flash point	Non-flammable
Threshold limit value	15 mg/m3 (IDLH), 1 mg/m3 (TWA), 2 mg/m3 (STEL)
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	2140 mg/kg (rat, oral)
LC50 (median concentration)	50 mg/m3 (guinea pig, 8 hr) 510 mg/m3 (rat, 2 hr) 320 mg/m3 (mouse, 2 hr) 18 mg/m3 (guinea pig)
LCLo (lowest published)	87 mg/m3 (guinea pig, 2.75 hr)
US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 1 mg/m3
REL (Recommended)	TWA 1 mg/m3
IDLH (Immediate danger)	15 mg/m3
Related compounds
Related strong acids	Selenic acid Hydrochloric acid Nitric acid Chromic acid
Related compounds	Sulfurous acid Peroxymonosulfuric acid Sulfur trioxide Oleum
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Sulfuric acid (alternative spelling sulphuric acid) is a highly corrosive strong mineral acid with the molecular formula H₂SO₄ and molecular weight 98.079 g/mol. It is a pungent-ethereal, colorless to slightly yellow viscous liquid that is soluble in water at all concentrations. Sometimes, it is dyed dark brown during production to alert people to its hazards. The historical name of this acid is oil of vitriol.

Sulfuric acid is a diprotic acid and shows different properties depending upon its concentration. Its corrosiveness on other materials, like metals, living tissues or even stones, can be mainly ascribed to its strong acidic nature and, if concentrated, strong dehydrating and oxidizing properties. Sulfuric acid at a high concentration can cause very serious damage upon contact, since not only does it cause chemical burns via hydrolysis, but also secondary thermal burns through dehydration. It can lead to permanent blindness if splashed onto eyes and irreversible damage if swallowed. Moreover, it is hygroscopic, readily absorbing water vapour from the air.