Phosphorus trichloride
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| Names | |
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IUPAC name
Phosphorus trichloride
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| Other names
Phosphorus(III) chloride
Phosphorous chloride |
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| Identifiers | |
7719-12-2 
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| 3D model (Jmol) | Interactive image |
| ChEBI |
CHEBI:30334
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| ChemSpider |
22798
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.028.864 |
| EC Number | 231-749-3 |
| PubChem | 24387 |
| RTECS number | TH3675000 |
| UNII |
M97C0A6S8U 
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| UN number | 1809 |
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| Properties | |
| PCl3 | |
| Molar mass | 137.33 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless to yellow fuming liquid |
| Odor | like hydrochloric acid |
| Density | 1.574 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | −93.6 °C (−136.5 °F; 179.6 K) |
| Boiling point | 76.1 °C (169.0 °F; 349.2 K) |
| hydrolysis | |
| Solubility in other solvents | soluble in benzene, CS2, ether, chloroform, CCl4, halogenated organic solvents reacts with ethanol |
| Vapor pressure | 13.3 kPa |
| −63.4·10−6 cm3/mol | |
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Refractive index (nD)
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1.5122 (21 °C) |
| Viscosity | 0.65 cP (0 °C) 0.438 cP (50 °C) |
| 0.97 D | |
| Thermochemistry | |
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Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH |
−319.7 kJ/mol |
| Hazards | |
| Safety data sheet |
See: data page ICSC 0696 |
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EU classification (DSD)
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 T+ Xn C
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| R-phrases | R14-R26/28-R35-R48/20 |
| S-phrases | (S1/2)-S7/8-S26-S36/37/39-S45 |
| NFPA 704 | |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
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LD50 (median dose)
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18 mg/kg (rat, oral) |
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LC50 (median concentration)
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104 ppm (rat, 4 hr) 50 ppm (guinea pig, 4 hr) |
| US health exposure limits (NIOSH): | |
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PEL (Permissible)
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TWA 0.5 ppm (3 mg/m3) |
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REL (Recommended)
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TWA 0.2 ppm (1.5 mg/m3) ST 0.5 ppm (3 mg/m3) |
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IDLH (Immediate danger)
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25 ppm |
| Related compounds | |
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Related phosphorus chlorides
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Phosphorus pentachloride Phosphorus oxychloride Diphosphorus tetrachloride |
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Related compounds
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Phosphorus trifluoride Phosphorus tribromide Phosphorus triiodide |
| Supplementary data page | |
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Refractive index (n), Dielectric constant (εr), etc. |
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Thermodynamic
data |
Phase behaviour solid–liquid–gas |
| UV, IR, NMR, MS | |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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 (what is ?) |
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| Infobox references | |
Phosphorus trichloride is a chemical compound of phosphorus and chlorine, having the chemical formula PCl3. It has a trigonal pyramidal shape. It is the most important of the three phosphorus chlorides. It is an important industrial chemical, being used for the manufacture of organophosphorus compounds for a wide variety of applications. It has a 31P NMR signal at around +220 ppm with reference to a phosphoric acid standard.
The phosphorus in PCl3 is often considered to have the +3 oxidation state and the chlorine atoms are considered to be in the −1 oxidation state. Most of its reactivity is consistent with this description.
PCl3 is a precursor to other phosphorus compounds, undergoing oxidation to phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5), thiophosphoryl chloride (PSCl3), or phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3).
If an electric discharge is passed through a mixture of PCl3 vapour and hydrogen gas, a rare chloride of phosphorus is formed, diphosphorus tetrachloride (P2Cl4).
Phosphorus trichloride is the precursor to organophosphorus compounds that contain one or more P(III) atoms, most notably phosphites and phosphonates. These compounds do not usually contain the chlorine atoms found in PCl3.
PCl3 reacts rapidly and exothermically with water to form phosphorous acid, H3PO3 and HCl:
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